多語言之二段式句型圖──以日語長句分析為主

A Study of two-step structural diagram in multi-language

以往學者透過句型圖分析句子構造，最大的難點在於為突顯各個成分與所屬動詞的結合關係，常以立體圖方式重整文字排序，但也破壞了書面文字直線狀基本結構的最大特性。導致一個單句或一個不長的複句或許能自圓其說其立論，但對多語言或日語長句則欠缺說服力。本文主要依據結合價語法，嘗試導入二段式句型圖，聚焦於彰顯書面文字直線狀的特性，釐清名詞與副詞各個成分與所屬動詞結合關係的句型構造，研究結果顯示本文所倡導的二段式句型圖不僅適用於日‧韓‧英‧華等多語言的句子構造分析，對於包括一行物語，隨筆與文本的日文長句分析也具有說服力其有效性。

In order to point out the characteristic of linear alignment in written texts of languages, this study attempts to introduce a two-step structure diagram to illustrate the grammatical argument structural analyses in languages. The generally used tree diagram in linguistic studies employs three-dimensional diagrams to exhibit the ordering of word constituents however, such a way doesn't point out the most noticeable characteristic of linear ordering of words in written texts of languages, and hence fails to demonstrate the interface between a verb and the elements under its control. Accordingly, the two-stage structure diagram is introduced in order to clarify the interrelation of constituents in clauses. This two-step structure diagram is not only suitable to be used in analyzing clause structure in languages like Japanese, Korean, English and Mandarin Chinese, but also helps analyze lengthy written texts in Japanese.