源自日語古語的連體詞之研究──以「イハユル」作為開端

On the Japanese Adnominal Adjective Derived from Archaic Words-''iwayuru''as the Subject of an Exploratory Study

綜觀現代日語的詞類（品詞），連體詞與其他詞類相比，與古語的關連較深，且保有古語的特徵。然而，其真正被學校文法認定為「十大品詞」中的一個詞類，則是在明治時代以後。既然連體詞被認定為「品詞」的時間不長，且存在著古語脈絡，若以此作為研究對象，不但多少可以觀察到現代日語與古語的關係，而且應該也可以觀察到現代日語受到古語影響的轉變概況。舉例而言，將連體詞回歸「文語的型態」，針對該詞類的型態、語詞組成、屬性及修飾功能等面向進行探討，在新的概念下，或許可以獲得新的研究成果。本論文即是以此簡單的立場，試圖從不同於以往的研究觀點，進行連體詞的探討。因此，回歸「文語的型態」，進行研究的第一歩，預定先以能夠追溯至上代奈良時代的連體詞「いわゆる」作為實例。探討時，預定透過連體詞「いわゆる」在現代日語的使用狀況及筆者擔任的「日本古典文學」課程的學生問卷等資料的運用，思考（探討）連體詞「いわゆる」的運用概念，以及「いわゆる」的「生起」、「共現」及「搭配詞」（語詞的連結、結與合連語）的實況，希望藉此研究成果能夠對日語教學有所助益。

Upon examination of the grammatical categories (parts of speech) of modern Japanese, it seems to us that adnominal adjectives, compared with the other grammatical categories, are mostly closely related to archaic Japanese, and retain their archaic features in the extreme. Therefore, I aimed to make a study of adnominal adjectives in an attempt to gain a glimpse of not only the relationship between modern Japanese and archaic Japanese, but also the actual transformation from archaic Japanese into modern Japanese of this grammatical category of words. In this present paper, I deal with an adnominal adjective, namely “iwayuru'' (literary meaning “the so-called''), which can be traced back up to the Nara period in ancient Japan, as the first step toward explicating the archaic literary language forms of adnominal adjectives. In this regard, data of the actual use of “iwayuru'' in modern Japanese as well as the results of a questionnaire survey with students in my “Japanese archaic literature'' class as respondents were employed. Accordingly, the awareness of the adnominal adjective “iwayuru,'' and the word occurrence, co-occurrence as well as collocation (word's connection, word combination, compound word) were taken into consideration. I would be delighted if the research results could make a contribution to the teaching of Japanese.