失敗迴避動機對日語聽力學習之影響──以大學日文系的聽力課程為中心

The Influence of Failure Avoidance Motivation on Learners: A Case Study on Learners of Listening Comprehension Courseat Department of Japanese

本論文乃使用動機理論中的失敗迴避動機，以日文系聽力課程學生為對象進行實證調查，探討失敗迴避動機以及失敗的經驗對於日語聽力學習所造成之影響。根據研究結果的顯示，第一，因害怕失敗進而迴避失敗的動機未必會對學習者的學習成效產生負面的影響。但在日語聽力學習的過程中，對於困難的課題或問題，不害怕失敗者能夠達到較高的學習成效。而另一方面，不斷地重錯或失敗，容易陷入學習性無力感。學習性無力感的學習者對於學習則無抱持太大的興趣，易於放棄學習，進而導致學習成效低落。第二，將失敗的原因歸咎於自己的能力不足或是課程內容太艱澀者，容易陷入學習性無力感的情況，進而導致對學習成效產生負面影響。第三，挫折或失敗的經驗對學習者的自尊心會受到影響，當自尊心受到影響時進而會導致學習欲望低落。再者，挫折或失敗的經驗直接對學習成效會有很大的影響，因而導致學習成效低落。

As shown in research results, first, the failure avoidance motivation may not generate negative impacts on learning outcomes of learners. But during Japanese Listening acquisition, learners who are not afraid of failure are more likely to demonstrate better learning outcomes for difficult issues or questions. On the other hand, learners with learned helplessness show less interest in learning and are more likely to give up learning that thus leads to poor learning outcomes. Second, they often blame the causal attribution of failure for their inabilities or difficult course contents and this easily contributes to learned helplessness. Third, the frustrating or failure experience influences both the self-esteem and low learning motivation of learners. Furthermore, the frustrating or failure experience exerts huge impacts on learning outcomes and the learning effectiveness is dramatically rendered.