台灣人初級日語學習者的促音與長音之時間構造的分析

An Analys of Durational Structure on Geminate and Long Vowels in Taiwanese Elementary Japanese Learners

對台灣人日語學習者來說，區別促音及非促音、長音及短音的拍長時間不同，並正確發音是一個很難的課題。本研究從音韻論的觀點，記錄台灣的初級日語學習者，在促音及非促音、長音及短音的發音上，所呈現的各語音單位的時長特徵。並分析促音及非促音、長音及短音的時長構造後，與日本語話者做比較。在測量各語音單位的時長，並以RM法分析後，得到以下結果。1）初級日語學習者雖能區別促音及非促音、長音及短音的不同，並有不同的拍長表現，但尚未達到日語促音、長音該有的拍長時間。2）由於將促音與長音採取同樣的拍長控制方法，因此初級日語學習者的促音語與長音語有相似的時間構造。3）在初級日語學習者的促音及長音發音中，看不出日語等拍性的補償效果。因此可知，初級日語學習者仍然將日語的拍當作音節在發音。

It is difficult for Taiwanese Japanese learners to produce correct duration length between geminate and singleton, long vowels and short vowels. Based on point of view of phonology, this research recorded characteristics of segmental duration in different duration length of geminate and singleton/ long vowels and short vowels produced by the Taiwanese elementary Japanese learners. This research also analyzed durational structure of geminate and singleton/ long vowels and short vowels and compared those with native speakers. After measuring the segmental duration and analyzing by ratio measures method, it could be found as below: 1) Although the elementary Japanese learners had ability to produce the different duration length of geminate and singleton/ long vowels and short vowels, but they was not able to produce enough duration length of mora as the native speakers. 2) The elementary Japanese learners used the same duration control method both on geminate words and long vowel words, so that geminate words and long vowel words had the similar durational structure. 3) The research didn't find compensation effect of mora-timed in production of geminate words and long vowel words, so that could lead to that the elementary Japanese learners produce the Japanese mora by syllable-timed control.