日語．台閩語之連語的對比研究──以「搬徙動詞與物名詞之組合」為主

Contrastive Research of the Collocations in Japanese and in TSML-Combinations of the Moving Changing Verb and the Thing Noun

在日語中，「搬徙動詞」與「物名詞」組合形成「搬徙組合」的連語，諸如「炭を火鉢へ移す、船をウインチから降ろす」，用「を格名詞＋（に／へ／から／まで）格名詞＋搬徙動詞」，或「島に大砲を運ぶ」，用「（に／へ／から／まで）格名詞＋を格名詞＋搬徙動詞」的「三單語組合」表示。或者，諸如「炭俵を艀から倉庫へ担ぐ」，第三對象的加入，用「四單語組合」表示的情形也有。相對地，在台閩語中，「搬徙動詞」與「物名詞」組合形成「搬徙組合」的連語，除了用諸如「Khioh柴枝á（木の枝を集める）」之「（搬徙Vt＋N）二單語組合」，或「搬貨落去船nih8（貨物を船に運び下りていく）」之「（搬徙Vt＋N1＋補助動詞VaVa（落去）＋N2（L））三單語組合」表示外，用「將冊hiat去（本を投げていく）」之「（將／kāN＋搬徙Vt＋補助動詞Va（去）二要素組合」，或「將網拋落水（網を水に抛る）」之「（將／kāN1＋搬徙Vt＋補助動詞Va（落）＋N2（L））三要素組合」表示的情形也有。本稿針對日語與台閩語之「搬徙動詞與物名詞之組合」的連語作考察，其目的在比較兩語言之異同。

In Japanese, “the combination of the moving changing'' is associated from “the moving changing verb'' and “the thing noun'', the examples of “Charcoal is moved to a hibachi, A ship is taken down from a winch, A gun is carried to an island.'', it expresses with “the combination of three words'' of “wo-case noun + (ni-/e-/kara-/made-) case noun + the moving changing verb'' or “(ni-/e-/kara-/made-) case noun + wo-case noun + the moving changing verb''. Or it may expresses with “the combination of four words'' to which the third object is added like “shouldering a charcoal sack from a lighter to a warehouse.''In TSML, “the combination of the moving changing'' is associated from “the moving changing verb'' and “the thing noun'', it expresses with the examples of “Wooden branches are collected.'' is'' (the moving changing verb + Noun) of the combination of two words'', or “Cargo is carried to a ship.'' is “(the moving changing verb + Noun1 + Auxiliary + N2(L)) of the combination of three words'', and it also may expresses with the example of “The book is thrown'' is “(chiong/kāN + the moving changing verb + Auxiliary) of the combination of two elements'', or “A net is thrown to the water'' is “(chiong/kāN1 + the moving changing verb +Auxiliary+N2(L)) of the combination of three elements''.It is the purpose that this paper considers the collocation of “Combinations of the moving changing verb and the thing noun'' of both languages, and compares the difference.