複調敘事下的英雄辯「義」──以《英雄志》中「觀海雲遠」為例

The ''righteousness'' of the hero's debate in the polyphonic narrative—Taking ''Viewing the Sea and Clouds'' in ''Heroes'' as an example

在武俠小說中，「義」是俠客英雄形象建構的主要部分。無論是為國為民，俠之大者的大義；義氣相酬，輸肝剖膽的情義；路見不平，仗劍任俠的道義；報君知遇，鞠躬盡瘁的忠義抑或是寬忍忠恕，匡扶義理的仁義。它們都為武俠小說裏英雄人物的精神品質提供了旨歸，為他們的英雄志業與功績創造了足可依循的行為模式和欲望動機，從而使其形象特質熠熠生輝，光耀千秋。故有「義非俠不立，俠非義不成」的說法。然而在孫曉的《英雄志》一書中，傳統的俠義觀念遭遇到解構，「始終無二事，貫穿只一人」的單線順時敘事結構也被打破。書中四大主角「觀海雲遠」展開了對「義」的審視與省思，並以各自抱持的價值理念在作者借助「複調敘事」的調控總攬之下，形成了一場「眾聲喧嘩」的英雄辯「義」，別開生面的上演了一出一般武俠小說中罕見的「靈魂搏鬥」。

In martial arts novels, ''righteousness'' is the main part of the construction of the heroic image of knights. Whether it is for the country and the people, the righteousness of the great chivalrous person; the love and righteousness of giving reward to the liver and the courage; the moral and righteousness of the sword and the sword when the road sees injustice; the loyalty of repaying the emperor and knowing the situation, loyalty or forgiveness and forgiveness The righteousness. They all provide the purpose for the spiritual qualities of the heroes in martial arts novels, and create sufficient behavior patterns and desire motives for their heroic ambitions and achievements, so that their image characteristics are shining and glorious. Therefore, there is a saying that ''righteousness is not a chivalry, and chivalry is not righteous.'' However, in Sun Xiao's book ''Heroes'', the traditional concept of chivalry has been deconstructed, and the single-line chronological narrative structure of ''there is always no two things, and only one person runs through'' is also broken. In the book, the four main protagonists ''Guanhaiyunyuan'' started to examine and reflect on ''righteousness'', and under the author's control and control of ''polyphonic narrative'' with their own values, they formed a ''public voice'' The heroic defense of ''Noisy'', ''righteousness'', staged a rare ''soul fighting'' in general martial arts novels.