日語母語話者對語末撥音的知覺（Perception of Moraic-Nasal in Word Ending by Native Japanese Speaker）

日本語母語話者による語末撥音の知覚

本研究以日語特殊拍中的撥音為研究題材，著眼在語末撥音的長度對聽辨撥音／非撥音的影響。除了探討日語母語話者判斷語末撥音存在的語音線索以外，並藉由語音實驗闡明在語末撥音的語音條件下，是否存在著範疇式知覺現象。以2音節語末撥音語為調查語，對28位日語母語話者進行知覺實驗後，得到以下的研究結果。（1）撥音的長度影響對語末撥音的知覺判斷。鼻子音／N／越長，撥音知覺率愈高。（2）先行拍的母音長度愈短，越容易知覺語末撥音的存在。這表示先行拍的母音長度為語末撥音的知覺提供了判斷的線索。（3）就本次實驗結果來說，子音種類不影響對語末撥音的知覺判斷。（4）日本語母語話者對語末撥音的判斷境界明確，呈現範疇式知覺現象。儘管語末撥音在發音實質上可能呈現[m]、[n]、[η]等不同語音，但撥音長度才是辨別撥音語／非撥音語的要件。

This paper researched not only how Japanese natives perceive a moraic-nasal in word ending but also whether Japanese natives perceive the duration of moraic-nasal categorically. To investigate the characteristics of auditory perception, a perception test where the 2 syllable words contain moraic-nasal in word ending was presented to 28 Japanese natives who were asked to judge whether these test words included a moraic-nasal /N/. The results are summarized as followings: (1) The duration of moraic-nasal was a primary cue to perceive the moraic-nasal in word ending. The longer the duration of moraic-nasal was, the higher the ratio of moraic-nasal perception was. (2) The shorter duration of the vowel in preceding mora was benefit to correctly perceive a moraic-nasal. The duration of the vowel in preceding mora provided a multiple cue for distinguishing the moraic-nasal /N/. (3) The preceding consonant did not influence the perception on a moraic-nasal in word ending. (4) Japanese natives perceived the duration of moraic-nasal categorically. Although a moraic-nasal in word ending comprised three allophones: [m], [n], [η], the difference between a /CVCV/ syllable and a /CVCVN/ syllable depended on the duration of the moraic-nasal /N/ in word ending.