學校移行至工作間過程之變化－探討無縫接軌與日本就業活動之矛盾現象

學校から仕事へのトランジションの変容－間斷のない移行と日本の就職活動のジレンマ

近年來日本應屆畢業生招募人數大幅減少，年輕人所處之就業環境相較過去則是更為險峻，正所謂的「超就業冰河期」儼然已經來到。無法忍受長期的就業活動進而放棄就業活動或是選擇沒有工作的年輕人則是日漸增加。因此，本論文研究目的主要是聚焦於日本大學應屆畢業生的就業活動，從「無縫接軌」的觀點探討日本式雇用慣例在年輕人就業活動上扮演者何種意義？再者，在此雇用慣例下，日本的就業活動又其有何種矛盾的現象？根據本論文研究結果顯示，年輕人雇用的問題所在，並非在於高中與企業問「實績關係」（學校推薦）的淡薄化，大學教育的「職業關連性」變低，「置換效果」或「世代效果」所造成的年輕人就業困難，而是在於「無縫接軌」與企業的新進人員聘僱、企業內教育訓練、輪調制度等一系列日本式雇用慣例有著非常密切的關係。然而，為了減少年輕人的雇用問題，必須要擺脫教育制度與勞動市場間「無縫接軌」或「一點集中型」之應屆畢業生統一招募方式，而是須試著創造出新的接續方式。

This paper mainly focuses on the employment of university graduates, and from the perspective of ''seamless transition'', examines the meaning of Japanese employment practices for employment events of the youth. The problem of youth employment does lie in the weaker results relations between high schools and enterprises, the low occupational relevance, or the employment difficult among the youth resulting from substitution effect or generation effect but in the a series of Japanese employment practices such as ''seamless transition'' between enterprises and the employment of the newly hired, educational training inside enterprises, and reassignment system. In order to reduce the employment problem among the youth, there is a need to get rid of the ''seamless transition'' between educational system and labor market or ''single-point centered'' uniform employment for the newly graduates as well as to create a new transition method.