探討言語單位之近代小說文法－從巴赫京的對話性來看典型文章結構之意義

言語単位としての近代小説の文法－バフチンの対話性から見る典型的文章構成の意味

現在的日本語學、日本語教育通常是考察從其體的使用場景或類別獨立出來的社會言語。然而，為了運用言語或創造，我們有必要考察置之於其體的使用場景或社會相關的類別上發揮機能的言語表達。其先驅者可謂是米哈伊爾．巴赫京（1895-1975, Mhxahr Mhxahrobhy Eaxthh）。巴赫京他提出語言對話理論的重要概念。本論文以米哈伊爾．巴赫京所提出的對話理論為依據，釐清屬於社會性類別的文本之一的芥川龍之介作品《黑衣聖母》中，使用的言語形式之特徵。考察結果顯示：芥川龍之介將兩種文章構造組合成一部作品。形式之一是、使用近代廣為常用的敘述經驗或傳聞的形式，提示關鍵話題。另一形式則是在設定敘述者與聽者在場的前後文當中夾雜入話題的型式。此形式營造出可視為聽者之一的讀者，也實際聽到那關鍵話題的臨場戚。此形式給予了聽者之一的讀者有身如其境等，類似說者無意聽者有心的認知（framing）偏誤效果。且此般形式的例型，在常見的現代中也經常被使用的文章結構表達。若能明白確立文本的類別，不僅可提示言語形式以及用法規則性之外，亦能展示出該文本之對話性機能。本研究除了達成上述的目標，亦可謂開放了將成果應用於日本語教育等的言語研究之門。

There are current science of Japanese language sutudy and Japanese education assuming considering a language (Lang) that is separated from a concrete scene and genre on usage. However, for use and the creation of language, it is necessary for us to consider the verbalization functioning in a concrete use scene and a social genre. Mikhail Bakhtin to be able to tell to be the pioneer submitted the interactivity of text as a principle of language consideration. This article considered sentence constitution of Ryunosuke Akutagawa ''Kokuiseibo'' and the characteristic of linguistic form used there as an example of the text in the social genre with an interactivity of Bakhtin as a clue. As a result, Ryunosuke Akutagawa put two sentence constitution forms together in this work. One of the forms is a part showing a central topic using a form to talk about an experience and hearsay used widely in modern times. Another form puts it by foreword and back word biting to set the scene of a narrator and the listener. This form really brings about a sense of reality as if a reader hears the story. This is a text vehicle to produce framing effect giving reality to the reader as the listener. This form is a model of the sentence constitution that a similar instance is seen a lot so many, and is used in the present age. The text with the concrete genre can show the interactive function of the text as well as a linguistic form and the regularity of the use. It opens the way of the application of the language study to Japanese education more.