福岡市方言文末徵求同意表現「-kunai」之構詞、句法、語意特徵

福岡市方言における同意要求表現 「クナイ」の形態．統語．意味的特性

情態（Modality）形式中一般可分成表說話者主觀判斷的法（Modal）和傳達功能的法（參考仁田（1991），益岡（2007），井上（2007）等）。被歸類於其中的法表現都各其有不同的語意和句法特徵。也就是說，每個法表現彼此間有明確地用法區分以及特徵。但對此說法來說有例外存在。近年來使用福岡方言的年輕族群的口語裡可看見文末徵求同意用法的法表現「-kunal」其備前述兩者法形式的部分特徵。本論文將深入探討該該方言中「-kunal」的文法化現象， 並論述「-kunal」所其備的兩種法特徵。由此更加主張以往法形式的二分法分析並不過切。

It has been suggested that modal forms should be separated into two types; namely, Epistemic-modal and Utterance-modal (Nitta (1991), Masuoka (2007), Inoue (2007), etc.). Elements belonging to these categories are regarded as ones containing different semantic and syntactic properties respectively. This suggests that there exist clear distinctions between these modal forms and consequently, an element exhibiting modality should be categorized into either type. However, in contrast, the agreement seeking maker ''-kunai'', which is dialectal and colloquial form in Fukuoka, has some exceptional behaviors. ''-Kunai'' lacks inherent negation and tense meaning despite its appearance of negative morpheme ''-na'' and tense form ''-i''. In addition, ''-kunai'' shows morphological rigidity, and therefore, is considered as a grammaticalized element. This study shows ''-kunai'' has partially semantic and syntactic properties of Epistemic-modal and Utterance-modal, suggesting that the conventional dichotomy cannot explain these characteristics of ''-kunai''.