小說會話文發話者之描述方式與理解

Methods to Describe and Understanding of Speakers in Fiction Conversations

小說由人物發言的會話文與會話文以外之描寫、說明部分所構成。會話文之發話者通常出現在描寫、說明的部分，但並不一定以明示性的方式出現，可能影響讀者對發話者的理解。本稿針對這種小說中發話者的多種描寫方式以及其對理解所造成的影響做考察，結果得知如下：a.會話文發話者的描述方式可分成明示性與暗示性兩種，分別可再下分為三類六種、二類三種，其體系具多樣變化。b.「有to格、指示」「補充說明」其統語構造完整，不必參考會話文內容亦可判斷發話者。C.「無to格、指示」「只有引用子句」的統語構造不完整，增加理解困難度，必須根據會話文內容來判斷。

A fiction is composed of conversations of characters and descriptive (narrative) parts other than conversations. Speakers of conversations are often mentioned in descriptive (narrative) parts, but not necessarily in an explicit way. This may influence readers' understanding of speakers. This study investigated various methods to describe speakers in this kind of fictions and the corresponding influences on readers' understanding. The results are summarized below: a. The methods to describe conversation speakers can be divided into explicit expressions and suggestions, which can be further divided into 3 categories and 6 types and 2 categories and 3 types respectively. The system is quite diversified. b. The syntactic structures of ''with 'to' or a referring expression'' and ''additional remarks'' are very complete. Speakers can be identified without referencing any content of conversations. c. The syntactic structures of ''without 'to' or a referring expression'' and ''quotation clause only'' are not complete, making it more difficult to understanding. And it requires referencing some content of conversations to identify speakers.