比較媒體界及文化界的言論，掌握311震災與核能發電核爆的認識

Some Recognition of Journalism in Japan to 311 Earthquake Disasters and Nuclear Power Plant Explosion: From Statement Comparison of the Press and the Intellectual Community

2011年3月1日日本發生了東日本大震災（311震災），同時引發福島第一核電廠核能反應爐發生連續爆炸事件，帶給日本社會史無前例的巨大影響。期間隨著資訊而隨時更新的言論整體，稱之為「311言論」。如此極度關心、熱烈討論的「311言論」，數量龐大且發展迅速。若採用以量取勝的方法掌握特徵，有其窒礙難行之處。鑑此，本論文採取個案研究的方法，以日本新聞媒體界具代表全國性且發行量居冠的報社《讀賣新聞》、《朝日新聞》之2011年社論，以及311震災屆滿週年時的文化界（評論界、學界、文學界等）中著名的批評家暨主編松岡正剛所著《閱讀311》為文本，進行質性分析之後，再對比由關鍵字分類出的形式，有何差異。考察結果顯示：媒體界與文化界雙方的「311言論」特徵，皆集中於國家或政策處理311震災與核能爆炸的層級。而關於311震災的受災戶受災情形以及今後的震災對策、輻射外洩對國民日常生活、健康影響等，輕描淡寫地一筆過，似乎有迴避之嫌。本質是發揮不同社會功能的日本新聞界與文化界，理應展現不同的思維。然而在談論「311言論」之上，卻是焦點一致。此結果顯露出日本言論界提出有關「311言論」偏於傾向隱瞞輻射污染的嚴重問題。

The continuation explosion accident (nuclear power plant explosion) of the nuclear reaction equipment of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant which carried out the concurrent occurrence to the Great East Japan Earthquake (311 earthquake disasters) which occurred on March 11, 2011, and it has had big influence on Japanese society even now which has passed for one year. The whole statements which meanwhile produces and changes are called ”311 Statement” in this study. Such whole statements are huge, and always changing, so it is difficult for us to catch the feature by quantitive research. Therefore, this paper has applied the technique of the case study and chosen the editorial in 2011 of a national paper ”Yomiuri Shimbun” and ”Asahi Shimbun” which represents the press in Japan as a statement sample of established media. Moreover, a collection of criticism, ”3.11 are read” written by Matsuoka Masatake who is a critic and an editor as a statement sample of intellectual communities (the publishing, academic circles, the literary world, etc.) from which this paper is taken out as a turning point document for 311 earthquake-disaster one year in 2012. And this paper has performed genre comparison of the keyword, after decoding the qualitative analysis, respectively. As a result, there were 311 earthquake disasters in a state or a political level and a tendency which subject concentrates on nuclear power plant explosion processing gradually as a feature of the statement structure of ”311 Statement” of both. Moreover, a common structure where the statement about the radioactive exposure problem which has most serious influence on the disaster victim of 311 earthquake disasters, or the measure against an earthquake disaster and the life of people are avoided intentionally. The tendency for 311 statements of journalism in Japan conceals the most serious radioactive exposure problem from this result.