類義表現 「(ノ)ダロウ(カ)」の語用論的分析一臺灣人日本語學習者の習得狀況も含めて

A Pragmatic Analysis of Japanese Synonymous Expressions ''(no) darou (ka)'': Including Acquisition Research on Taiwanese JFL

本研究以語用論的觀點，針對日文表達「不確定判斷」的文末表現「だろう・だろうか・のだろう・のだろうか」，考察四文法項目的表現機能及指示範圍。筆者根據文章及談話等語言資料進行機能分類，締納出「（ノダロウ（力）」の類義表現大致上可分為（事態推測][事情推測〕[疑問〕[追究小[反語][強調反語〕共六種表現機能，且「だろう（か）」及「のだろう（か）」的差異，與「のだ」的「說明」及「強調・主張」此兩性質有著密不可分的關像。此外，為了瞭解台灣日語學習者的習得狀況，筆者依據上遠機能分類，針對日語學習者及日語母語話者進行問卷調查。調查結果如下:1.學習者在會話中欲表達不確定之判斷時，傾向於使用較不自然的「だろう」，而非「（の）かな」「んじゃない」等表現。2.學習者無法分辨表達（事態推測〕的「だろう」和表達[事情推測〕的「のだろう」以及表達〔疑問〕的「だろうか」和表達〔追究〕的「のだろうか」之異同。3.學習者未能理解在〔疑問〕及〔追究〕等表現機能中，疑問詞「か」可省略之使用情形。

In this research, I intend to examine the context functions of non-assertive expressions, ”darou, no-darou, darouka, no-darouka,” from the aspect of Pragmatics. Throughout data-collection and analysis of usages in real conversational scenes, synonymous expressions ”(no) darou (ka)” could be classified into 6 varieties: affair speculation, condition speculation, question, query, irony, strong irony. And the analysis result shows that the two factors determining the differences between ”darou (ka)” and ”nodarou (ka)” are ”explanation” and ”emphasis” of ”noda.”In addition, to evaluate the acquisition conditions of Taiwanese JFL learners and their differences from that of native Japanese speakers, I have conducted a survey of both JFL learners and Japanese native speakers. According to the survey, I found out the three results as below:1. JFL learners tend to use unnatural expression ”darou” rather than natural expression such as ”(no)kana” or ”(n)janai” when they attempt to make a conjecture in conversations.2. JFL learners cannot distinguish between ”darou” of ”affair speculation” and ”nodarou” of ”condition speculation” as well as ”darouka” of ”question” and ”nodarouka” of ”query.”3. JFL learners are not aware that the interrogative ”ka” can be omitted in the functions of ”question” and ”query.”