關於 「どうも」的使用狀況、印象以及對外國人的教授

On“Doumo”As a Greeting: Is It Appropriate To Teach“Doumo”in Beginner’s Classes?

本論文主要是探討在使用上出現分歧的打招呼用語｢どうも｣的單獨用法。本論文進行以下三項調查：一為｢どうも｣的使用場合與使用對象；二為對｢どうも｣使用的印象；三為對『大家的日本語』介紹的｢どうも｣使用場合的印象。調查發現，最常使用｢どうも｣的場合與比例依序為道謝71.7%、見面63.5%、道別32.4%，以及道歉的24.2%。在「道謝」的場合中，｢どうも｣的使用除了「聊表謝意」外，也出現「（難以言謝的）諷刺意味」或是「想要與贈與者保持距離」的印象。在上述的場合外，也有不知道說什麼較好時就說｢どうも｣的狀況。再者，調查中也發現，不單獨使用｢どうも｣的比例為11%，其中男性5.5%，女性17.4%，出現性別間的差異。大致而言，在性別與年齡層方面，使用｢どうも｣與對｢どうも｣的印象出現差異的現象，而女性認為｢どうも｣是粗糙的打招呼用語。『大家的日本語』調查外國人將｢どうも｣做為道謝用語是否適當時發現，24.2%的日本人認為外國人會在找人時對該同事道謝時使用，而38.4%的日本人認為外國人在向陌生人問路時使用則是感覺「稍嫌不禮貌」。本論文研究發現，在初級日本語的層級中，教授｢どうも｣的單獨使用是否恰當，是值得商榷的。

This research is on ”Doumo” which is used as an independent greeting. The points are three: 1. On what situations and to whom is ”Doumo” used? 2. What kind of images do Japanese speaking people have toward ”Doumo”? 3. The impression of ”Doumo” which is presented in ”Minna no Nihongo”.The typical scenes where ”Doumo” is used are the opening greetings (63.5%) and the gratitude (=71.7%). On the other hand, 11.4% of the respondents (mail 5.5 %, female 17.4%) answer that they do not use ”Doumo” as an independent greeting. As for the objects ”Doumo” is used to, also differences are observed between men and women. ”Doumo” is recognized somehow as a slightly impolite greeting by women and by elderly people too. The 3 images written down by majority of respondents were casual 125 (persons), affinity 87 and flippant 50.As for the impression of ”Doumo” used by foreigners in ”Minna no Nihongo”, when it is used toward a colleague, 24.2% and toward a passer-by 38.4% of responders answers slightly impolite. From the result of this survey, we should be careful about teaching ”Doumo” as an independent greeting in beginners' classes.