以 「牛河」與敘述者所設計的機關來解讀村上春樹《1Q84》

Haruki Murakami’s '1Q84' deciphered from narrator's tricks: From view point of the person named Ushikawa

村上春樹最新作品《IQ84》（BOOK1、BOOK2、BOOK3）分成三冊，於2009、2010兩年間發行，單2009年一年，長年不景氣的日本出版界，因為該書的發行而業績長虹，而在日本的社會也引發一陣瘋狂、騷動。就小說的構成而言，BOOK1、BOOK2的奇數章與偶數章各自敘述著男女主角天吾、青豆的故事，而BOOK3則步加入一位名為「牛河」的主角，展開三邊鼎立局面，然而心加入的主角「牛河」卻於中途被殺身亡。遭逢如此境遇的「牛河」的出現，又到底代表甚麼樣的意義呢。為究明此疑問，貫通BOOK1、BOOK3、BOOK3閱讀之後，發現敘述者於作品中設計了「時間結構」與「主要人物配置」兩個機關。從敘述者所設計的「時間結構」與「主要人物配置」兩個機關中，釐清《1Q84》之所以能富有偵探小說風格的小說，主要是主角「牛河」連結了所有的片斷，是一位作品中不可或缺的重要人物，進而透過與漱石偵探小說風格的小說《直至彼岸》（1912）相比較，也察覺出被夙稱「80年代的漱石」的材上春樹《1Q84》中，亦有漱石嘗試使用的「立體的描繪」、「偵探小說風格的遣詞用句」、「連結於偵探後的戀愛故事」等3種手法，特別是「立體的描繪」，可謂是常用二元對立方式描繪的材上春樹文學上的一大突破性的進展。

Haruki Murakami's new work 'IQ84' (BOOK1, BOOK2, BOOK3) is completed. This publication not only has enlivened the publishing world in Japan but also called the big topic also in Japanese society. As for 'lQ84', another hero Ushikawa is installed in BOOK3 in addition to Aomame and Tengo that appeared alternately in the chapter of the odd number and the even number chapter of BOOK1 and BOOK2. However, this Ushikawa that had appeared newly is killed during the novel. It has been understood that there are two tricks which the narrator planned mainly. These tricks are one of the arrangement of time structure and another of the rule as the kingpin from whom Ushikawa has done in the work. It has been understood that 'lQ84' is tailored in the pursuit story style. Moreover, Ushikawa is ties the fragment of the story and an important person like a stopped screw. In addition, '1Q84' has the common feature with Soseki's detective style novel 'Higansugimade' (1912). A three-dimensional description in '1Q84 ' is admitted as Haruki Murakami's epoch-making writing in Haruki Murakami literature.