從 「兩國論」問題看日本報紙中台灣報導之偏向──以社論的內容分析為中心

Bias in the reports on Taiwan by several newspapers in Japan seen from the“Special State-to-State Relations”statement: From analysis of the editorials

台灣前總統李登輝於1999年針對台灣與中國的關係做出了新的定義，即在對台海安定具有高度關切的美日兩國引起極大爭議的「兩國論」。而同時也因此產生了非常多的相關報導。如此國際性的事件，在海外媒體中是如何被廣為周知，乃至於如何被理解，可以說是研究對外關係時的良好材料。本論文針對日本全國性報紙《朝日新聞》《每日新聞》《讀賣新聞》中的「兩國論」相關社論，先確認其為資訊強度類型後，在進而分析其內容與文字表現，由此將可以把日本三大報社中對於「兩國論」的報導偏向明確釐清。研究的方法則為，將社論內容分為「起承轉合」四大部，將主張的異同處抽出並加以析論之。《朝日》《每日》中，強調「兩國論」乃應是日本一大關注焦點，故日本不可制限自己於旁觀者的角色。而《讀賣》則認為「兩國論」是屬於中國內政問題。與探討日本角色重心的《每日》即將觀察重點放在對日威脅角度上的《朝日》，三大報可說透過分析，各自明白的呈現出其台灣報導的偏向。

The “special state-to-state relations” statement by the former Taiwanpresident Lee Teng-hui in 1999, termed as a new definition for thecross-Strait relation, caused a huge sensation, not only on each side of theStrait, but also in Japan and the U.S., which have deep concern aboutstability of the region, bearing a plenty amount of media reports.Analyses on how this international issue was received andrecognized by foreign media should contribute for the relation betweenTaiwan and China. This paper first confirms that the editorials over Lee’sstatement on the Japanese newspapers Asahi, Mainichi and Yomiuri are of“information intensity” type, analyzes their contents and linguisticexpressions, and clarifies bias in the reports about Taiwan in each articleon the statement. The analysis identifies four steps of logicaldevelopment in the content of the editorials and difference between theirargument.For Asahi and Mainichi, the statement matters to Japanese interest,hence their editorials counsel not to take an expectant position.Meanwhile Yomiuri considers the statements as only of a domestic issue.Furthermore, it is exposed that each of the three newspapers have bias:Mainichi emphasizes importance of presence of Japan, while Asahi thethreat from the situation for Japan, for instance.