中文摘要 |
岩野泡鳴所提出的小說敘事方法「一元描寫」,是他生涯中重要的理論之一。儘管諸多學者肯定該理論的獨創性,但也批判泡鳴限制了小說創作的自由。此外,顯少有研究探討泡鳴理論與實際作品之間的關係。為了更深入理解「一元描寫」,本論文援用以熱奈特(Gérard Genette,1930-2018)為中心的當代敘事學理論,分析「一元描寫」以及與該理論同時撰寫的小說集《非凡人》,並將重心放在泡鳴小說中的焦點人物(focal character)與敘事者的關係。論者發現,儘管泡鳴將小說敘事的焦點限制在只能使用固定式內部焦點(fixed internal focalization),但是在焦點人物之外,另外有一名敘事者存在於故事外部。泡鳴論述中的「作者」等同於敘事者,隱身於焦點人物背後,卻是另外獨立的主體,適時現身來架構出比「一元」更加繁複的敘事結構,藉此貫徹主觀所感,同時又預留對焦點人物的客觀距離。這可以說是泡鳴一生所追求的自然主義小說,最後歸結出的方法。 “One-Dimensional Narrative”a narrative for fiction, introduced by Hōmei Iwano, has been one of his important theories throughout his life. Despite acknowledgment of this theory's originality from scholars, many criticize its confinement to freedom of writing. Besides, analysis on the relation between theory and literary works has been insufficient. To understand the theory more deeply, this study adopts modern Narratology focused on Gérard Genette's theory, and analyzes One-Dimensional Narrative as well as Hibonjin, a collection of short stories written at the same time. Although Hōmei Iwano confines the narration in his fiction to fixed internal focalization, the study observes, aside from focal characters, there exists another narrator outside the story. The concept of“Author”in Hōmei Iwano's theory is equivalent to narrator. The“author”hides behind focal character while serves as an independent subject, adequately creating a more complex narrating structure than mere one dimension. The aforementioned narrating structure conveys subjective feeling whilst keeps a distance between the narrator and focal characters, which in Hōmei Iwano's idea, is what naturalist literatures would ultimately lead to. |