妖嬈若是：當代中國大陸「妖」的山寨性／別模組化展現

Flamboyantly Yao: Shanzhai Gender/Sexual Modularization among Contemporary Chinese Yaos

二十一世紀初急速後工業化的中國大陸都會城市的邊緣窘蹙地區聚集大量農村剩餘勞動人口及弱勢底層民眾，其中有一群生理男性相繼以扮女裝的「妖」賣淫方式謀生。就在此一妖群體興起的時空裡，中國大陸同運積極打造政治正確的性／別主體性，以便對內建立中國家庭主義特色的同性戀正典化，對外與以西方為中心的全球LGBT運動接軌。換言之，正當在地同運戮力向上提昇之際，弔詭的是，底層賣淫的妖群體卻是逆勢而行，向下探底，持續磨礪出一種無視性／別文明化與進步性的頑強淫鄙姿態，並以其山寨性／別模組化展現惑亂了在地關乎西方現代性／別身分認同政治的知識中介及各就其位的性／別主體打造工程。本文採取結合深度訪談及參與觀察的民族誌研究方法，一探當代中國大陸妖的山寨性／別模組化展現及其惑亂效應。

Since the 2000s, there has been rapid post-industrialization in Mainland China, leading to numerous rural migrants and disadvantaged people gathering in the depressed areas of metropolitan cities. Among them are an increasing number of “yaos,” that is, people who make a living by male-to-female cross-dressing prostitution. Meanwhile, the emergence of the yao community is met with Chinese local LGBT activism’s desire to align with the West-centered global LBGT movement. This is done through the mediation of gender/sexual identity politics in its attempt to forge a local homonormativity characterized by Chinese familism. In face of the ascending global respectability of Chinese LGBT activism, local yaos have persisted in their vulgarity, lewdness, and backwardness at the bottom of the heap. Employing an ethnographic research approach which combines in-depth interviews and participant observations, this essay theorizes this everyday tactic of contemporary Chinese yaos as “shanzhai gender/sexual modularization,” exploring how these abjected subjects negotiate their prostitution practices and trouble the gentrified local LGBT activism.