「平衡迴避」視角下的中國國際網路活動特質探析

Analysis of the Features of China's International Cyber Activities from the Perspective of ''Balance Avoidance''

自 2014 年提出建設「網路強國」的戰略構想以來，中國對內持續加強國家 網路實力，在國際間的活動態勢亦日趨積極。中國政府近年除發表正式的國際網 路戰略論述、透過多邊機制途徑嘗試重塑網際網路治理規範，也積極推動各種跨 國網路合作，展現逐步崛起為網路強權的企圖。作為當代國際政治要角與全球最 大網路用戶國，中國的動向對於國際網路安全及資訊科技發展前景深具意義，為 瞭解其國際網路活動特質與背後的政策考量，本文援引國際關係學界的現實主義 學派研究成果，由「平衡迴避」（Balancing Avoidance）角度進行觀察。研究結果 顯示中國政府近年面向國際社會的各種網路政策作為，固有拓展影響力及爭奪主 導地位等進取意圖，但同時也力求降低外界疑慮以免觸發平衡效應。惟在多重因 素交互影響下，中國目前在國際網路政治中的「平衡迴避」成效並不理想，來自 外界的抵制力度持續加劇，若無法適度調整政策方針，後續對於「網路強國」目 標的追求恐將面對越來越多阻礙。

Since the concept of building ''Cyber Power'' was put forward in 2014, China has not only continued to strengthen its national network strength but also has become increasingly active in the international community. In recent years, in addition to issuing a formal international cyber strategy, the Chinese government has also tried to reshape the internet governance norms through multilateral mechanisms, and actively promoted various international network cooperation, showing the intention of the gradual rise of the new Cyber Power. Since China is currently a powerful country and has the largest community of internet users in the world, the policy formulation of the Chinese government has great significance to the international cybersecurity situation and the informational technology development. In order to understand China's international cyber activity trends and the policy consideration behind it, this article cited the views of realism school in the field of international relations, and observed from the perspective of ''Balance Avoidance''. The result of the study pointed out that although the Chinese government's recent international cyber activities have aggressive intentions such as expanding influence and competing for the dominant position, they also tried to reduce the worries of other countries in order to avoid the balance effect. However, under the influence of multiple factors, China's current balance avoidance in international cyber politics has not been successful, and the resistance from foreign countries has continued to increase. If the Chinese government cannot adjust its policy guideline in the future, its goal of building a ''Cyber Power'' will face more and more obstacles.