屏東縣獨居老人生活狀況與長期照顧需求態度之探討

Discussion on the Living Conditions and Long-term Care Needs of Elderly People Living Alone in Pingtung County

許多獨居老人較少與家庭成員或社區鄰居互動，且平時的營養及健康狀況難 以維持，故面臨生活上的健康風險和照顧需求等問題。因此，為深入瞭解獨居老 人有關日常生活與自我照顧、經濟安全、健康與醫療、社會支持、社會參與等相 關問題，以及對於長期照顧福利需求，故從屏東縣獨居老人進行調查研究。本次 調查以屏東縣政府列冊關懷獨居老人為對象進行問卷調查。研究結果顯示，受訪 者中女性的比例較多，平均年齡為 78.9 歲，教育程度以不識字者居多，宗教信仰 方面以民間信仰者居多，超過六成以上為閩南人，平均獨居時間為 18.6 年。在日 常生活功能方面，超過半數以上受訪者是可以完全獨立者，但有超過四分一為中 度依賴者。最主要的經濟來源依續為政府、子女、自己的退休金、工作收入。支 出部分則以日常飲食支出為主，醫療費用支出次之。本研究針對獨居老人對於當 前長期照顧福利服務的態度，進行影響因素之分析，結果顯示相關生理與生活功 能越差者，對長期照顧需求度越高，但整體需求態度的表現較為保守，尚有待相 關單位再積極宣導。

Many elderly who live alone have less interaction with family members or community neighborhood, and it is difficult to maintain their nutrition and health status at ordinary times. Therefore, they face problems such as health risks and care needs in their lives. Therefore, in order to gain an understanding of the problems, like as daily life and self-care, economic security, health and medical care, social support, social participation, of elderly living alone and the need for long-term care and welfare, the survey was conducted from Pingtung County elderly living alone, the elderly living alone in Pingtung County were investigated and surveyed. Female respondents account for relatively large proportion of the respondents, the average age of respondents are 78.9 years of age, education level of the majority are illiterate people, folk faith accounts for large proportion as for religious belief, more than 60% of the respondents are Minnan people, and the average time duration of living along is 18.6 years. As for functional aspects in daily life, more than half of the respondents can be completely independent, but there is more than a quarter are moderately dependent. The main source of economic income is from the government, their children, and their pensions, and work income. Daily food expenditure ranks first in expenditure, and medical expense ranks second. This study conducted the analysis of influencing factors for the attitude to long-term care service of the elderly people living alone. The results showed that the worse the relevant physiological and life functions, the higher the demand for long-term care.