歐洲聯盟第五次擴大對其共同外交暨安全政策影響之研究

A Study on the EU's fifth Enlargement and its Impact on the Common Foreign and Security Policy

10個中、東歐或南歐國家已於2004年5月1日正式加入歐盟，完成了歐盟第五次擴大，同時亦使其會員國增為25國，為世界上最大之經濟體。尤其是波蘭、捷克、匈牙利、斯洛伐克、愛沙尼亞、拉脫維亞與立陶宛等7國，在冷戰時期隸屬於與西歐國家敵對的華沙公約集團，今日卻能排除歧見而整合在一個超國家機制之下，實乃難能可貴。歐盟此次擴大固然使其實力增加不少，其在國際政治以及國際經貿之重要性水漲船高。然而由於會員國一下子暴增了10國，使其體制之運作增加了不少困難，尤其是仍屬跨政府間之共同外交暨安全政策之運作深受影響。共同外交暨安全政策之決議方式無論是在一致決或是加權多數決之實質困難度增加了不少，使其效率面臨了挑戰，尤其是其擴大與2004年3月擴大後之北大西洋公約組織造成了錯綜複雜之現象，增加了其運作的困難度。同時亦因而加深了歐盟面對其他國際強權，包含俄羅斯與美國，尤其是後者之挑戰。因此，歐盟之擴大對其CFSP長期之運作而言，卻不一定帶來正面效果。

Ten Eastern and South European Countries jointed the European Union (EU) in May 2004. The number of its member states also increased form 15 to 25. The EU became then the biggest economic power in the world. However, the operation of its Common and Security Policy (CFSP) is therefore more difficult. This ineffectiveness can be attributed to drawbacks in the structure and operation of the CFSP. On the other hand, offering prospects for membership in the EU has been a successful instrument for helping shape the transition in Eastern Central Countries. The EU's relations toward the east European neighbors differ strategically from its relations to the other countries. How does the CFSP operate since the EU's fifth enlargement? What are the challenges and changes of the EU's risks, potentialities and policies toward east European neighbors? This paper provides an overview of the Union and introduces and explores these interrelated challenges.