九一一事件後美國國土安全任務與反恐聯盟建構：兼論對東南亞安全情勢的影響

The US 'Homeland Security' Mission and 'Anti-Terrorism Alliance' Construction in the Post-911 Era and Its Implication on Southeast Asian Security

911事件是廿一世紀恐怖主義的新型態。恐怖團體「蓋達」組織摧毀與重創象徵美國經濟與軍事霸權的紐約世貿中心與華府五角大廈，宣示了對全球化時代美國單極主義的鬥爭，也揭開了挑戰新世界的「後現代恐怖主義」的序幕。911恐怖攻擊後，強化「國土安全」以及建構「反恐聯盟」已成為美國新世紀的核心戰略思維。在實踐上，美國於2002年7月公佈「國土安全國家戰略」藍圖，作為資源整合與機構建制的指導綱領，全面展開「國土安全」任務動員，以確保美國本土免於恐怖主義的攻擊與威脅；此外，美國對外發動反恐戰爭，提供盟邦軍事援助以打擊境內恐怖組織並與盟邦及區域組織尋求合作以構築反恐聯盟。美國基於反恐戰略目標與國土安全需求所採取的單邊主義外交政策是一種「胡蘿蔔與棍子」的策略，其效應是廣泛而直接的，對廿一世紀國際情勢影響至鉅；東南亞與台灣互動密切，更是美國反恐體系的重要環節，東南亞安全情勢的走向，殊值關切。

The 911 attack organised by Al Queda is a new type terrorism in the twenty-first century. The targets of this lethal attack, the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, are symbols of American economic and military hegemony. The 911 attack not only declared the war on American foreign policy of unilateralism, but indicated the formation of 'post-modem terrorism' in the new era. After 911, strengthening 'homelru1d security' as well as constructing 'anti-terrorism alliance' have formed American cored strategic thinking of the new century. In practice, US publicised 'National Strategy for Homeland Security' as the blueprint of comprehensive homeland security mobilisation. Besides, US declared war on pro-terrorism countries and seek to establish an alliance with anti-terrorism countries. American anti-terrorism, a 'praetorian unilateralism' mind in essence as well as a 'carrot and stick' strategy in action, challenged the international security status quo directly and immediately. This paper aims to explore the effects of American anti-terrorism actions and its implication on Southeast Asian security.