BOT專案計畫財務規劃之探討－－以台灣高速鐵路為例

The Financial Operation of BOT Project-Case Study with Taiwan High Speed Rail Project

值為提昇公共建設的施工效率與服務品質，政府以民間資源來彌補政府財政短缺之負擔，把公共建設民營化，借助民間的技術、經營效率、生產經驗和管理制度來提高營運效能，讓政府有限的財政資源獲得有效的分配運用，增加公共工程建設的服務品質及基礎建設計畫執行效率，並建立法制面的風險和責任分擔機制，兼顧公益與私益，以民間投資方式來進行政府無法從事，但卻是社會所迫切需要的建設。台灣高速鐵路建設原本規劃由政府興建，採取傳統公共工程發包，編列一般預算分年執行的模式辦理，爾後因應政府財政上之困難，改以民營化之BOT模式推動。高速鐵路自2007年1月開始營運通車，已成為台灣南北交通之大動脈，但因其運量僅為原先預估之半，造成台灣高鐵公司之營收不足。隨著台灣高鐵公司財務逐年惡化，政府不得已以重組融資銀行團之方式，協助其渡過財務困境，卻引起社會上的批評聲浪，質疑以BOT模式推動台灣高鐵建設計畫之妥適性。本文藉由台灣高鐵公司的財務報告，輔以國內外BOT案例的相關財務問題，來檢討政府如何減輕財政負擔，降低民間企業參與公共建設的投資風險，提高公共工程建設效率及推動專案融資。並藉由財務報告來暸解未來台灣高鐵公司如何改善財務結構，增加業外收入進而轉虧為盈，讓台灣高鐵公司的服務品質、運轉技術和人才得以永續傳承。

In order to improve the construction efficiency and service quality, some public infrastructure projects are privatized by government to release the burden of financial shortages, and get better usage of the limited financial resources by introducing the participation of private sectors and their technology, operation efficiency, manufacture experience and system of managenment as well. A framework of legal system was set up to share the risk and responsibility between public and private sectors, considering both of their benefits, to push the private sectors to invest on those public infrastructure projects which are urgently needed by the society but not affordable by government.Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) project was originally plan to be implemented by government itself, adopting the traditional procurement process with normal budget yearly, but was carried out by BOT mode later on because of the financial difficulty of government. THSR started to revenue service at Jun. 2007 and became an important traffic vessel of Taiwan's west corridor. But, the traffic volume was only half of the original prediction which caused revenue insufficient and made the finances of Taiwan High Speed Rail Co. (THSRC) getting worse year by year. Finally, government was forced to help THSRC to tide over the financial difficulties by way of syndicated bank financing, but this action lead to the criticism that whether it is suitable to implement THSR project by BOT mode.Depending on the financial reports of THSRC and some domestic and foreign BOT case studies about financial issues, this thesis wants to know how government to lower its financial burdens and the investment risk of the private enterprises when they participate in the public construction project to improve construction efficiency and the success of project financing. This thesis also wants to know how THSRC improve its financial structure and get turnaround of its business income. Therefore, THSRC's service quality, operation technologies and human resource can keep forever.