蒙古國際主義中的俄國因素

Russian Factors in Mongolian Internationalism

蒙古在一九九○年開始走向民主政治及市場經濟的改革道路後，隨著蘇聯解體及俄羅斯本身自顧不暇，昔日的衛星國已是名符其實的獨立國家，蒙古民族主義也為了強調及鞏固此次的獨立成果而高漲。然而，經歷了近七十年的社會主義時期，今日的蒙古與一九二一年宣布獨立時的蒙古已經截然不同，除了同樣昂揚的民族主義外，也具有濃厚國際主義色彩，在全球化的浪潮中顯得怡然自得，心態上並無窘促不安之狀。筆者以為，這與蒙古在社會主義時期與俄國的緊密關係有關。儘管此種關係對蒙古的影響有好有壞，但透過與俄國的互動，蒙古不再是傳統保守的游牧社會，而是積極面向世界、企圖在世界新秩序中為自己尋求適當位置的新興國家。本論文企圖透過二十世紀蒙俄關係中的歷史事實探討俄國在近代蒙古國際主義形成中扮演的角色，以進一步釐清蒙俄關係的性質、蒙古國際主義的具體呈現，以及未來的可能發展。

After Mongolia began its democratic reform and transition to a market economy in 1990, followed by the collapse of the Soviet Union that left no room for the Russians to mind the business of Mongolia, the former Russian satellite has turned into a real independent country, and Mongolian nationalism has thus risen to great heights to praise and defend the regained independence. However, after being a socialist country for seventy years, Mongolia today is greatly different from itself of 1921 when it proclaimed independence from the Republic of China. Besides strong nationalism, Mongolia is now also a country that appreciates internationalism. Unlike many developing countries, Mongolia seems pretty comfortable in the stream of globalization. The author proposes that such comfortableness has something to do with Mongolia's close relations with the Soviet Union during the socialist period. Although the relations have affected Mongolia in both a positive and negative way, through the interaction with the Soviet Union, Mongolia is no more a traditional nomadic society, but a newly developing country that faces the world in an energetic way, trying to find itself an appropriate place in the new world order.By examining the historical facts regarding the mutual relations between Mongolia and Russia in the twentieth century, this paper intends to discuss the role of Russia in the forming of Mongolian internationalism in order to clarify the nature of Mongol-Russian relations, the concrete displays of Mongolian internationalism, and possible future development.