環境態度與情境因素對遊客破壞行為之影響－－以陽明山國家公園遊客亂丟垃圾行為為例

The Influences of Visitors' Environmental Attitude and Situational Factors on the Occurrence of Vandalism: A Case Study of Littering in Yang-Ming-Shan National Park

遊客亂丟垃圾等破壞行為是遊憩管理最惱人的負擔之一。本研究探討遊客內在的環境態度，以及環境暗示與法規告知等外在情境因素對遊客亂丟垃圾行為意向之影響；研究依心理學中投射法的說故事法共設計四個不同情境之問卷，在獲得1,352份有效問卷後，進行共變數分析。研究結果顯示，環境態度愈高的遊客，亂丟垃圾的行為意向愈低；環境整潔的環境下，遊客亂丟垃圾的可能性較低；而禁止亂丟垃圾告示牌之設立則對遊客行為並無顯著影響。研究建議遊憩管理單位可藉由解說教育來提升遊客的環境態度，儘速清理遭破壞的環境，同時注意告示牌之文字內容與設計，應有助於減少破壞行為的發生。

The occurrence of vandalism, such as littering, is one of the most troublesome problems of recreation management. This study aimed to explore if people's littering is influenced by their environmental attitudes as well as two situational factors: clean/dirty environment and the existence of warning notices. Four different experimental scenarios were designed and the ANCOVA method was used to analyze 1,352 obtained questionnaires. The results indicate that the better the environmental attitude of a person the lower their intention to litter. In a clean environment, people have a lower intention to litter. However, the existence of warning notices is not significantly related to the probability of littering. Research findings suggest that an effective approach to eliminate vandalism is to increase peoples' environmental attitude by interpretation. Recreation administrators/managers should clean a dirty environment and remove symbols of criminal behavior as soon as possible. In addition, to eliminate vandalism, recreation management institutions should pay attention to the content and design of warning notices.