華語語尾助詞「啊」跨音節連音研究

A Study of Chinese Liaison across Syllable Boundaries

跨音節連音在漢語研究中極為普遍，而華語語尾助詞「啊」的連音大多以「右向擴散規則 (gemination rule)/疊音規則」所衍生的一空缺連音為主。然而本文認為「右向擴散規則」的詮釋不盡正確，而且該規則也會造成對外華語教學的複雜化。因此本文主要以「啊」的連音語音表徵(phonetic representation)為研究對象，並從語音表徵中推論「右向擴散規則」的不合理性。研究方法有二：其一、以聲學角度分析該連音，並由F1 的過渡(F1 transition)推知連音的語音表徵是否為一空缺。其二、設計語音認知實驗，並由44 名受測人的量化資料得出連音的語音形式。研究結果顯示，跨音節連音的語音表徵較接近二空缺而非一空缺，因此其衍生規則較接近「雙向擴散規則」而非「右向擴散規則」。亦即，ni a「你啊」是透過「雙向擴散規則」所衍生出的二空缺語音形式[ni^(ia)a]，而非透過「右向擴散規則」所衍生出的一空缺語音形式[nija]。

Chinese liaison has been extensively studied in the past few decades and the phonetic representation of the liaison is generally perceived as an x-slot insertion derived by means of the gemination rule. However, I argue that the legitimacy of the rule and the inconsistency of phonetic forms after applying the rule. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the phonetic representation of liaison and uses the findings to infer the validity of the gemination rule. Acoustic technique and perceptual experiment are adopted for analysis and the results indicate that xx-slots rather than x-slot appears on morpheme boundary as the liaison; i.e., [ni^(ia)a] (two-slots) rather than [nija] (one-slot) deriving from /ni a/ by means of the application of the bidirectional spreading rule, not the gemination rule.