後現代教育研究及其出路

Educational Research into the Postmodern Wave

本文旨在從本體論、知識論與方法論等三個層面，探討後現代思潮對「教育研究的對象」、「教育研究的方法」、「教育研究要建立的知識」、以及「教育研究的文本」之影響，並以能力取向的觀點提出後現代困境的可能出路。本研究結果如下：一、後現代思潮下的教育研究轉向重視個人經驗、內心世界及個人的、地方的、本土的論述。二、後現代主張不同的知識有不同的語言遊戲規則，彼此互相競爭、共存，因此，追求不同的知識就必須採取不同的方法，如此一來就呈現方法論多元主義的局面。三、研究不能「再現」研究對象，因此不能誤將研究結果視為全部的事實，研究者作研究的時候必然會涉入個人的想法。四、研究文本必須跳脫制式的框架，改以充滿詮釋性、討論性、開放性的撰寫方式，讓閱讀者也共同建構知識。最後，本文更以能力取向的觀點，闡述後現代研究雖然重視差異、片段，仍須讓公共政策有其施力點；而學術社群也必須創造一個尊重差異、友善的學術氛圍，才能讓後現代研究有發展的可能。

This paper aims to explore the impact of postmodern thoughtson “objects of educational research,” “methods of educational research,”“knowledge to be established in educational research”, and “texts of educational research”from the perspectives of ontology, epistemology, and methodology. The authorproposesthe way out of the postmodern dilemma from the viewpoint of capability approach. The results of this study are as follows: (i) Educational research under the postmodern trend has shifted its focus on personal experience and the individual inner world, as well as personal, regional, and local discourse; (ii) Postmodernism advocates that different knowledge has different rules in the language game, competing with and coexisting with each other. Therefore, different methods must be adopted to pursue knowledge, thus presenting aninsightof methodological pluralism; (iii) Research cannot fully “represent the research object”, so the results of the research cannot be taken as all facts. When the researcher conducts the research, his/her own ideas will be inevitably involved; (iv) The research text must get rid of the standard framework and change to an interpretive, discursive, and open writing method so that readers can construct knowledge together.Finally, from the perspective of capability approach, the author further elaborates that although postmodern research values differences and fragments, public policy must still be given its own strengths; the academic community must also create a respectful and friendly academic atmosphere in order to developfuture postmodern research.