焦點解決短期諮商對青少年身體意象諮商成效之相關研究

Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Counseling in Promoting Body Image of Adolescents

本研究目的為探討焦點解決短期諮商（SFBC）對青少年身體意象之諮商成效及其影響因素。本研究邀請十位14-16 歲具負向身體意象的青少年分別參與實驗組與控制組，於諮商前、結束時以及結束後一個月，所有研究對象需填寫「身體意象量表」（MBSRQ）；實驗組則接受共4-6 次SFBC，並在諮商前、後及結束後一個月，各接受一次參酌MBSRQ 向度設計的半結構式訪談。研究中的量化資料採Wilcoxon 配對組符號等級檢定進行分析，訪談資料則依開放式編碼原則執行分析。研究結果發現，SFBC 對實驗組在MBSRQ 之外表自我評估與體能重視程度上具立即輔導效果，且實驗組知覺SFBC 對其提昇身體意象的影響因素為：（1）諮商師堅定鼓勵的激發；（2）過去成功經驗加速改變意願與目標形成；（3）具體步驟地朝向個人目標，激發與維持改變動力；（4）自我激勵與效能，增強改變動機；（5）組合新舊方法以增加成效；（6）探究具體微小改變，提昇自我監控的自主能力；（7）推進身體意象悅納，帶動漣漪效應；以及（8）未來期望與有效策略為續航基石等。最後，依據研究結果，本研究進行討論相關與建議。

Body image is one of the crucial components of adolescents' self-development and social interaction in a critical period ofseeking self-identity. In the process of physical and mental development, the influence of negative body image cannot beunderestimated. Numerous studies have explored the negative influence of adolescents' body image; however, only a fewstudies have focused on positive body image and ways to improve it. Personal subjective perception affects adolescents'body image. One of the essential research directions is identifying ways to assist adolescents in clarifying their subjectivefeelings and beliefs regarding their body image and promoting its positive development. Although solution-focused briefcounseling (SFBC) is suitable in assisting adolescents, this approach has rarely been used in research on body image.Accordingly, the question posed is as follows: Can SFBC improve adolescents' body image? Will the counseling effect ofSFBC persist? This study aimed to (a) investigate the immediate and follow-up effect of SFBC on adolescents' body imageand (b) understand the effective factors of SFBC in enhancing adolescents' body image.