自評健康與社會資本：以國際社會調查計畫資料為本的跨國分析

Self-rated health and social capital: cross-national analysis of international social survey data

近年來關於社會資本對健康的影響之探討漸多，許多研究皆指出不同層次的社會 資本對健康的效益。然而，大部分的研究結果卻仍然有諸多限制。若無法釐清社會資本的外 生性，以及缺乏對社會資本跨脈絡效應的理解等等，這些問題限制了過往研究結果的可推論 性。本研究運用大規模的跨國資料，分析個人社會資本在不同非正式與正式的社會資源整合 條件下，對健康的影響。方法：使用由全球數十個國家調查機構合作蒐集之跨國調查資料， 國際社會調查（International Social Survey），取2007年休閒生活組與2017年網絡組兩筆資料 進行分析。結果：個人的社會信任與社會參與皆與健康有正向連結，在「高社會資本國家」 或「OECD國家」的社會參與對健康的正面影響更加明顯；而社會信任僅有在「高社會資本國 家」對健康有額外的正向效應，在「OECD國家」則無此現象。結論：這個發現有助於我們重 新理解不同面向社會資本對健康的作用方式，以及其效應如何受所處社會條件的影響而改變。 （台灣衛誌 2020；39（5）：509-521）

The impact of social capital on health is increasingly discussed. Many studies have highlighted the health benefits of social capital. However, most research results are affected by limitations. Failure to clarify the exogenous nature of social capital and the cross-contextual effects of social capital may limit the inferences of other research. Therefore, in this study, largescale multinational data are used to analyze the effect of individual social capital on health in various informal and formal social resource conditions. Methods: Data came from International Social Surveys, which are collected by dozens of national survey agencies worldwide. Data from the 2007 leisure life group and the 2017 network group were used for analysis. Results: Individual social trust and social participation are positively linked to health, and social participation has a more positive effect on health in countries with high social capital or in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. In countries with high levels of social capital, social trust exerts an additional positive effect on health, but this does not occur in OECD countries. Conclusions: This finding facilitates the reevaluation of how social capital affects health and how its effects depend on social conditions. (Taiwan J Public Health. 2020;39(5):509-521)