大學生蔬果攝取行為及其影響因素之探討──以新竹縣某科技大學為例

Fruit and vegetable consumption behavior and its influencing factors among college students: a survey at a University of Technology in Hsinchu County

蔬果為健康飲食中重要的一環，而大學為行為發展定型的關鍵時刻，大學生之健康 自覺可能影響其健康促進行為。故本研究期望了解大學生的蔬果攝取及自覺健康現況，進而探 討可預測蔬果攝取行為之影響因素。方法：本研究以新竹縣某科技大學日間部大學生為研究對 象，採分層隨機抽樣和自填問卷蒐集資料，共發出403份問卷，回收有效問卷375份，有效回收 率93.1%。結果：本研究發現研究對象每日蔬菜和水果達建議量者分別僅有1.6%和8%，每週蔬 果達建議量超過三天者不到半數；而自覺健康狀況在中等程度之上，以人際互動得分最高，情 緒狀態最低。其中男性、低收入、自覺健康狀況之生活適應高分者的每週蔬果達建議量天數較 少；收入低和自覺健康狀況之人際互動高分者的每日蔬菜份數較少；而低年級、校外租屋、自 覺健康狀況之人際互動高分、情緒狀態低分者的每日水果份數較少。結論：建議針對上述蔬果 攝取亟需改善的族群優先規劃衛教課程，並運用同儕的力量引起興趣及相互支持。

Fruit and vegetables are essential for a healthy diet. College age is a crucial period of development and formalization in personal behavior, and the perceived health status (PHS) of college students may influence their health-promoting behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors of fruit and vegetable consumption behavior of college students by understanding their fruit and vegetable consumption profile and PHS. Methods: We enrolled 403 students from a university of technology in Hsinchu county by using stratified sampling and a self-administered questionnaire. We received 375 valid questionnaires with an effective rate of 93.1%. Results: The daily vegetable and fruit consumption of participants which met the recommendation were only 1.6% and 8%, respectively. Less than half the participants meet the fruit and vegetables consumption recommendation for more than three days per week. The PHS of the participants was relatively positive. They had the highest PHS score for interpersonal interaction and the lowest score for emotional status. Male participants and those with low income and high score for life adjustment of PHS had fewer weekly recommendation-meeting days of fruit and vegetable consumption. The participants with low income and high score for interpersonal interaction of PHS had inadequate daily servings of vegetables. Underclassman, those in off-campus housing, and those scoring high in interpersonal interaction and low in emotional status of PHS had inadequate daily servings of fruit. Conclusions: We suggest that the health education for the students who are require improvement in their fruit and vegetable consumption behavior should be planned preferentially and be supported by their social group. (Taiwan J Public Health. 2020;39(5):493-508)