德國公民能源公司法制初探──兼評我國公民電廠推行之法制現況

On the Legal System for Citizens' Energy Companies in Germany and That for the Civil Power Plants in Taiwan

自2011年3月東日本大地震引發福島核災以來，德國乃持續加速能源轉型之推行，並將參與人員之多元化列為實現能源轉型目標所不可或缺之要素之一。也因此，為因應再生能源電能財務補貼轉變為競標機制，在2017年版再生能源法中特別針對所謂公民能源公司之定義與要件、參與投標之程序與決標等事項予以特別規定。無獨有偶的，我國在推廣再生能源之過程中，相關民間團體亦一再強調公民參與再生能源發電設備之重要性與必要性，而在2018年時由經濟部所提出之能源轉型白皮書初稿中，亦已將公民電廠推動方案納入。或許如此，甫於2019年年中修正施行之再生能源發展條例即於第11條第2項中納入獎勵公民電廠之規定，並將相關細節授權由中央主管機關訂定法規命令以為規範。而中央主管機關亦已於同年年底公告「合作社及社區參與公民電廠設置示範獎勵辦法」之草案徵求各界意見。本文以德國2017年版再生能源法中與公民能源公司有關之規定，以及該國學理與實務對於該等規定之見解與適用情形為研究對象，並由比較法之觀點檢視我國現行推行公民電廠之法制現況，同時嘗試提出建議，以供相關機關日後政策擬定或修法時之參考。

Since the occurrence of the earthquake-induced Fukushima nuclear disaster in Eastern Japan on March 2011, Germany has accelerated its implementation of Energiewende (energy transition), in which participant diversity is considered an indispensable factor for its success. To adopt a bid funding mechanism for renewable energy subsidies, Germany proposed the Renewable Energy Sources Act in 2017, which specified the definition and requirements of a citizens' energy company and also the participating and awarding process for bids. This development is similar to the promotion of renewable energy in Taiwan, in which civil societies repeatedly emphasized the importance and necessity of civic participation in developing and maintaining renewable energy generation facilities. The first draft of the White Paper on Energy Transition published by the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2018 included a plan to promote civil power plants. The 2nd paragraph of Article 11 in the Renewable Energy Development Act (2019 revision) consisted of regulations that specified awards for civil power plants and that stated for civil power plants to provide relevant details to the central authority for law establishment. At the end of 2019, the central authority announced a draft of the Incentive Regulations for Demonstration of Renewable Energy Community Power Station Installation by Cooperative and Community Public Offering. This study investigated the regulations pertaining to citizens' power plants in the 2017 Renewable Energy Sources Act of Germany and their theoretical and practical applicability. Subsequently, these regulations were compared to and used to assess Taiwan's pre-existing regulations for promoting civil power plants. Finally, this study proposed suggestions to serve as references for agencies related to the renewable energy field to establish and revise future policies.