攻意‧治氣‧立格──謝章鋌詞論析探

Content, Chi and Style: An Analysis of Xie Zhang Ting’s Ci Theory

謝章鋌（1820-1903），字枚如，福建省福州府長樂縣人，為晚清重要詞家及詞論家，著有《酒邊詞》、《賭棋山莊詞話》等相關著作。謝章鋌個性熱血慷慨，志在經世報國。他認為詞非小道，與人品心術相關，而當時之浙西詞派過分注重形式，內容空虛，詞道衰微，故謝章鋌提出攻意、治氣、立格之詞論矯之。第一，攻意說。討論意之內涵、意與言之關係。第二，治氣說。分析作家養氣之重要性及方法、用筆行氣的問題，並特別舉出南宋辛棄疾、姜夔之詞氣差異。第三，立格說。詞體自唐五代興盛以來，多在歌筵酒宴傳唱，其中不乏浮靡輕薄之作，以致詞格有卑下狹小之失，故謝章鋌以詞量論、詞史論來拓展詞境、建立詞格。

Xie Zhang Ting (1820-1903) was born in Zhang-Le County, Fu-Zhou Fu, Fu-Jian Province. He was an important Ci writer and theorist in the late Qing Dynasty. He has a passionate and generous personality and willed to utilize his writings to serve the country. Xie thought Ci was not unorthodox, and it related to the poet’s personality and morality. At his time, the Zhe-Xi Ci school overemphasized Ci’s formality and impaired its content and meaning. Ci doctrine was deeply challenged. Therefore, Xie proposed “Gong Yi,” “Zhe Chi,” and “Li Ge.” to reverse this trend. First, “Gong Yi|” tries to clarify the relationships among content, meaning, and wording. Second, “Zhe Chi,” analyzed the importance and methods of cultivating the poet’s Chi and discussed the connection between the poet’s flow of Chi and his writing. He also explored the difference of Ci energy, or Ci Chi, between Southern Song poets Xin Qi Ji and Jiang Bai Shi. Third, “Li Ge” means establishing a style. Since Tang and Five Dynasties, Ci’s literary genre had thrived and mostly performed in banquets. There was no lack of frivolous Ci poems| therefore, the rather vulgar Ci style caused Xie to propose a wider perspective and adopted a historical method to expand the artistic conception of Ci and establish an elevated Ci style.