《群書治要》與貞觀之治──以「牧民之道」為例

Qun Shu Zhi Yao and Prosperity of Zhenguan: ''Theory of Governing the People'' as Example

成書於貞觀5年的《群書治要》，是由魏徵、虞世南、褚亮與蕭德言等人所負責編撰完成的。受到傳播與接受的影響，加上編撰型態的標籤化認知，導致《群書治要》失去應有的關注，掩蓋了內在的精彩。然而唐太宗下令編撰與魏徵主導執行，兩人的地位和意圖實在很難讓人忽視《群書治要》所蘊含的價值與意義。筆者認為被歸為類書的《群書治要》，實質上具有「以編代作」的性質，存有貞觀時期的思維內涵與特色。本文延續《群書治要》存在主題式關懷的觀點，深入探究「牧民」、「戢兵」與「法制」三大焦點議題。論述的方法將大量取證於詳實紀錄貞觀事蹟的《貞觀政要》，用以彰顯《群書治要》具有「以編代作」的種種相關理據。誠如《論語》所云：「足食，足兵，民信之矣。」的論政大法。三大焦點議題正相應於踐行儒家仁義的為政之道，而由本末、始終、源流來看，實統攝於對「民」的思考，故以「牧民之道」概括而論述之。透過「牧民之道」的探究，將可見到貞觀時期人民主體的挺立，以及關注人民視角上的變化。

Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty ordered senior officials like Wei Zheng to compile a collection of books calls Qun Shu Zhi Yao. Under the influence of disseminating and acceptance, coupled with the tagging cognition of compilation style, the book lost its due attention and covered up its inner brilliance. Yet, the book inclusive value and significance under the position of Emperor Taizong and intention of Wei Zheng. Even though Qun Shu Zhi Yao classified as the category books, I Believed it has the nature of ''Edit instead of creation'', which has the thinking connotation and characteristics of the Zhenguan period. This essay attempts to probe ‘Governing the People', ‘suspension of militarily', and ‘legal system' which were collected from Zhenguan's political Schemas (《貞觀政要》) to show that Qun Shu Zhi Yao had various relevant reasons of ''Edit instead of creation''. The three focus issues are corresponding to the practice of Confucian benevolence and justice for the government, and from the fundamental and the incidental, from beginning to end, and the source, they are dominated by the thinking of ''people'', so they are discussed in the summary of ''The Theory of Governing the People''. By so doing, to examine the main part of the people during Zhengguan's period and focusing on changes in the perspective of the people.