《群書治要》所錄《漢書》及其注解研究──兼論其所據《漢書》注本

A Study of Han Shu and its Annotations Quoted by Qun Shu Zhi Yao

魏徵等所編《群書治要》五十卷，遍引經、史、子三部典籍，以治要為目的，用意乃在「昭德塞違，勸善懲惡」，希望君主可以史為鑒，從典籍所載治國之要道以見有國者之所為與不為。其中引用《漢書》最夥，計及8卷。今《群書治要》各本實存47卷，有3卷佚失，其中兩卷即為《漢書》之文。因此，《治要》實存6卷《漢書》之文。《漢書》自書成以後，「當世甚重其書，學者莫不諷誦焉」。然《後漢書‧班昭傳》云：「時《漢書》始出，多未能通者。同郡馬融伏於閣下，從昭受讀。」馬融已是當時重要經師，卻無師不能自通《漢書》。另一方面，《漢書》注釋者亦眾。就《漢書‧敘例》所見，唐前《漢書》重要注解約有數家，然而師古注出以後，因其精深獨到而大盛，他家注解漸微。清人趙翼以為六朝至唐初有三大顯學，《漢書》即其一|《群書治要》引用《漢書》篇幅極多，便是明證。此外，《治要》成書在顏師古注解《漢書》以前，則其所採注釋必為師古以前舊注。另一方面，敦煌吐魯番地區所見《漢書》寫本，亦有與顏注本不盡相同者。本篇之撰，以《治要》所引《漢書》及其注釋為本，輔以其他唐寫本《漢書》，探析當時所見《漢書》之貌，並據以勘正今本《漢書》，以及此討論《治要》所採之《漢書》注本。

Wei Zheng and other editors compiled a total of 50 volumes of Qun Shu Zhi Yao. Wei Zheng and other editors compiled a total of 50 volumes of Qun Shu Zhi Yao. This Book quotes Confucius Classics, Historical Records, philosophical writings for the purpose of governing the country. The purpose is to hope that the monarch can learn from the history and experience what the monarch should and shouldn't do from the way of governing the country recorded in the classics. Qun Shu Zhi Yao cites Han Shu at most, with a total of eight volumes. There are only forty-seven volumes of Qun Shu Zhi Yao, three of which have been lost, two of which are the articles of Han Shu. Therefore, there are six volumes of Han Shu in Qun Shu Zhi Yao. Han Shu has attracted the attention of scholars since it was written. But this book is not easy to understand, many people have commented on the ''Han Shu''. Before the Tang Dynasty, there were several important annotations to Han Shu, but after Yan Shi Gu's annotations, because Yan's annotations were profound and original, other annotations gradually disappeared. Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty thought that there were three important knowledge from the Six Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, among which Han Shu was one of them| the fact that Qun Shu Zhi Yao quoted eight volumes of Han Shu was obvious evidence. In addition, before Yan Shi Gu annotated Han Shu, the annotation of Qun Shu Zhi Yao must be the old annotation before Shi Gu. On the other hand, the handwritten manuscripts of Han Shu seen in the Dun-Huang Area are not exactly the same as those printed by Yan Shi Gu. This essay is based on the Han Shu and its annotations quoted by Qun Shu Zhi Yao, supplemented by other Tang manuscripts of Han Shu, to explore the features of Han Shu seen at that time, and to collate and correct the present version of Han Shu, and to discuss the annotated version of Han Shu adopted by Qun Shu Zhi Yao.