臺灣公民對非制式科學教育場域的態度與參訪動機之研究

A Study on the Attitudes and Visiting Motivation of Taiwan Citizens towards Informal Science Educational Venues

公民對非制式科學教育場域的態度、參訪動機及參訪行為與其營運息息相關，本研究旨在透過2015及2018年兩次調查研究探討臺灣公民對非制式科學教育場域的態度、參訪動機、活動型式及其變化趨勢，並進一步探討公民參訪與否與其態度間的相關性及不同背景公民間的差異性，以提供未來非制式科學教育場域營運的參考。本研究運用2015及2018年臺灣公民科技素養計畫調查數據，此調查以臺灣地區年滿18歲以上之公民為研究對象，以機率比例抽樣法抽取研究樣本，並透過專人面訪蒐集資料，有效樣本數分別為1,831及1,657人，並透過獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數及相關性分析數據。研究結果發現，2015及2018年臺灣公民對非制式科學教育場域多持正向的態度，參訪非制式科學教育場域者所持正向態度較高。2018年臺灣公民對非制式科學教育場域的參訪動機主要為「增進人際互動」，其次為「增進科學科技瞭解」，再其次為「增進科學科技興趣」，且其認為非制式科學教育場域可規劃「動手操作活動」吸引其參訪。進一步分析結果也發現，年齡愈低、學歷愈高及有未成年小孩之公民族群對非制式科學教育場域有較高的正向態度。此外，2018年比2015年臺灣公民認為非制式科學教育場域能「提供很好教育資源」的態度，有顯著的下降，且部分非制式科學教育場域的參訪與否及態度的相關性降低。綜合上述結果顯示，臺灣公民參訪非制式科學教育場域的主要動機以休閒及人際互動為主，教育及學習為輔，因此非制式科學教育場域不應僅強調其教育的功能，也可提供舒適的軟硬體環境設施及氛圍，或以實用或多元性寓教於樂的動手活動，來滿足不同觀眾參訪的需要，本研究最後亦提出未來非制式科學教育場域可行的活動規劃及營運建議。

The visitors' attitudes, visiting motivations and visiting behaviors to informal science educational venues (ISEVs) are closely related to operation and management. This study aims to investigate Taiwan citizens' attitudes, motivation to visits, activity patterns and changing trends toward ISEVs through 2015 and 2018. Further investigate the correlation between visiting or not and attitudes to some ISEVs and the differences among citizens of different backgrounds. The data were collected from the survey of Taiwanese Citizens' Science and Technology Literacy Project. The representative adult samples of 1,831 and 1,657 citizens were surveyed in 2015 and 2018 respectively, using probability proportional to size sampling method. Face interviewed with selected citizens to get data. Then, we used independent-sample t test, ANOVA and correlation analysis to analyze the data. The results of the study found that Taiwanese citizens had positive attitudes toward ISEVs and the visitors of ISEVs had higher positive attitude in the two surveys. The main motivation for Taiwan citizens to visit ISEVs was“to enhance interpersonal interaction”, followed by“to enhance understanding of science and technology”, and then“to enhance interest in science and technology”in 2018 data set. They also considered that the“hands-on activities”of ISEVs can attract their visits. The background analyses of visitors found that the younger, the higher education and with small children of the citizens have a better positive attitude towards ISEVs. In addition, the citizens with an attitude of“providing good educational resources”towards ISEVs in 2018 is significantly lower than those in 2015. The correlation between visiting or not and attitudes to some ISEVs in 2018 is also lower than in 2015. The above results show that the main motivations for Taiwanese citizens to visit ISEVs are focusing on“interpersonal interaction or leisure”and supplemented by“education or learning”. Consequently, we suggest that ISEVs should not only emphasize their educational functions, but also provide comfortable environment facilities and atmosphere, or various and practical hands-on activities for edutainment to meet the needs of the audience, in order to attract more non-audiences to visit, this study also gave some suggestions for the operation and management of ISEVs in the future.