德國保全沒收之扣押法——德國刑訴第111b條至第111p條釋義——

The seizure for confiscation of German law

我國 2016 年 7 月 1 日施行犯罪所得沒收新法，修法主要參考德國法。 惟德國於 2016 年 3 月 9 日，先公布《刑法財產剝奪改革法案》草案，經德國 立法審議修改通過後，於 2017 年 7 月 1 日施行。關於德國《刑事訴訟法》 保全沒收與追徵之扣押法，除將舊法概念與文字加以修正，以符合《歐盟 2014/42/EU 指令》，而達到有效國際司法互助外，最重要者在於加強暫時性 的保全措施，將階段性法則明定於保全規定，使追訴機關能靈活使用保全沒 收與追徵之扣押措施。其次，德國新法體系雖承繼德國舊法的雙軌制，但 與舊法扣押與財產假扣押混合規定的情況不同，新法大幅度將兩者法規體 系化。另外，新法為達簡化法規之目的，刪除舊法財產假扣押大量準用德 國《民事訴訟法》之規定，以解決舊法時，實務刑事司法對於民事法規的理 解困難，以及準用條款之複雜。最後，因應德國《刑法》刪除被害人潛在條 款、被害人賠償法之重構，亦於德國《刑事訴訟法》保全沒收與追徵之扣押 法中，增設偵查程序中導入債務清理程序之條款。

On July 1, 2016, Taiwan enforced the new law of confiscation of proceeds of crime of Criminal Code, and the main reference source is German law. However, on March 9, 2016, Germany announced the draft of Criminal Property Deprivation Reform Act and enforced on July 1, 2017. In addition to amending the concepts and texts of the old law in order to comply with the 2014/42/EU on the understanding of confiscation, and to achieve the goal of effectively helping international mutual legal assistance, the most important thing is to strengthen temporary safeguard measures. The new law is clearly defined the stage rule in the approval of seizure, so that the criminal prosecution agency can flexibly use the seizure measures for the confiscation and compulsory collection, and also emphasizes the necessity of seizure. Although the new law system still maintains the dual-track system of the old law, it is different from the seizure of old law. The new law systematically stipulates the law and clearly distinguishes the system of seizure for confiscation and the seizure for compulsory collection. In addition, in order to simplify the regulations and to solve the criminal practice has difficulty understanding of the civil regulations, and the complex terms of the use of the old law, the seizure for compulsory collection applied the Civil Procedure Law of Germany is deleted by the new law. The new law also deletes the provisions of the seizure period and will be handed over to the principle of proportionality. Because the Criminal Law of Germany deletes the potential clause of the victim and the reconstruction of the victim compensation legal system, it also adds the provisions of the bankruptcy law in the investigation procedure in the Criminal Procedure Law of Germany.