食物、科學與女性：民國時期《婦女雜誌》中的飲食論述

Food, Science and Women: Dietary Discussion in the Women's Magazine during the Republic of China

歷來有關《婦女雜誌》雜誌的研究，已經累積有相當多的學術成果，基本上 大多是集中在近代報刊的知識傳遞與啟蒙、醫事衛生、身體、家政知識、城市文 化及娛樂事業等課題。這些研究涉及的課題多為書籍史、醫療史、性別史及城市 史，較少從食物史來探討。近來皮國立的文章則補充了這部分研究的不足。他主 要利用近代中國報刊的資料探討民國時期婦女與食物衛生論述之間關係。該文的 問題意識在於民國時期的食物與科學的新關係是什麼？它如何影響婦女的知識 理解與日常生活。此外，皮國立還關注近代以來營養學支持下的食療、衛生、養 生等知識，透過報刊傳遞到家庭時，如何能讓婦女的身分有所轉變？在皮國立的 研究基礎上，本文則將焦點集中在《婦女雜誌》，一來可以採取微觀的視角探討家 庭、營養與食物之關聯|二來則較能在有限的篇幅中處理這複雜的問題。在郭忠 豪的食物史視角影響下，本文探討的課題有：科學飲食的理論化、飲食的衛生、 科學的衛生、科學的烹飪方式、食物的科學儲藏及打造賢妻良母。民國時期的知 識女性，經過了西式的教育，已經具備了一定的自然科學知識基礎，能夠理解《婦 女雜誌》中所涉及的化學、營養學、生物學等知識。因而，《婦女雜誌》大力地宣 傳飲食的觀念、食物的營養成分、烹飪的原理、儲藏食物的原理等，能夠讓知識 女性迅速地接收到這些新觀點，從而改變傳統的不合理做法。

The research on ''Women's Magazine'' has accumulated a lot of academic achievements, most of which are concentrated in the knowledge transfer and enlightenment of modern newspapers, medical health, body, home economics, urban culture and entertainment. The topics involved in these studies are mostly book history, medical history, gender history and urban history, less from the history of food. Recently, Pi Guoli's article supplements the shortcomings of this part. He mainly used the information of modern Chinese newspapers to explore the relationship between women and food hygiene in the Republic of China. The problem of the article is that what is the new relationship between food and science in the Republic of China? How does it affect women's knowledge understanding and daily life ? In addition, Pi Guoli also pays attention to the knowledge of diet, hygiene and health care supported by nutrition in modern times. And how can women's status be changed when they are transmitted to the family through newspapers and periodicals? Based on Pi Guoli's research, this article focuses on Women's Magazine, which can be used to explore the relationship between family, nutrition and food in a microscopic perspective. Second, it can deal with this complicated problem in a limited space. Under the influence of Guo Zhonghao's food history perspective, the topics discussed in this paper are: theorization of scientific diet, food hygiene, scientific hygiene, scientific cooking methods, scientific storage of food, and building a good wife and mother. During the Republic of China, intellectual women, after Western education, have acquired natural science knowledge and understand the chemistry, nutrition, biology and other knowledge involved in Women's Magazine. Therefore, Women's Magazine strongly promotes the concept of diet, the nutrients of food, the principles of cooking, and the principles of storing food, which can enable knowledge women to receive these new ideas quickly and thus change the traditional unreasonable practices.