國土計畫相關法案的提案連署網絡分析

Sponsorship and Cosponsorship Network Analysis on Taiwanese Legislation of Spatial Planning

台灣新一波國土計畫相關法案於2015年通過，為觀察環境相關的立法決策，本研究針對國會議程設定，以提案連署網絡為對象，分析立委參與的影響因素。著眼國土計畫法案的政策特性，本文結合網絡「行動者－關係」效應，從利益、政黨、認知與網絡結構等面向提出分析與解釋。研究發現，相較於公共利益召喚，基於地方利益所整合的共識更能驅策立委集體行動。遺憾的是，在提案連署網絡中跨黨結盟並未能成形，只有黨內合作主導提案支持關係。不過，本文分析證實提案人確實擁有較周延的調適認知，委員會資深制度已能確保專業影響力，網絡中的互惠與開放結構也頗為顯著，這些都有利於驅動國土計畫法案的議程設定。以上已深化吾人對國土計畫立法決策的瞭解，可做為未來實務與研究的參考。

In 2015 three pieces of legislation were passed, which lays down a set of legal foundations for Taiwan's spatial planning. To shed light on the decision making of the relevant legislation, this article focuses on the congressional agenda setting, in which sponsoring and cosponsoring networks among legislators are analyzed to clarify the factors affecting legislators' behaviors and interactions. In response to the policy characteristics of national spatial planning, this paper applies social network analysis with its ''actor-relation'' concepts to examine four driving factors that most likely underlie the decisions of legislators, including interest, party, cognition and network structure. The results of the study reveal that legislative collaborative actions in ''sponsoring-cosponsoring networks'' are more likely to occur when an integration of local interests emerges rather than a call for common interest. While a cross-party coalition does not appear in the sponsoring-cosponsoring networks, intraparty cooperation dominates the interactions of bill support. It is founded that the sponsors possess more extended ''adaptation'' cognition, the seniority system of committee have strengthened legislative professionalism, and ''reciprocity'' and ''transitivity'' are both dominant types of subgroups within the networks, which all forge the driving forces toward collective actions for the agenda setting. These research findings deepen our knowledge of the relevant legislative decision-making and are deemed to facilitate future research and practice regarding Taiwanese spatial planning and land use.