從北京大學圖書館藏《後漢書》過錄 何焯批校本看何焯的史學與校勘學

He Zhuo's Historiographical Thought and Textual Criticism: A Case Study on His Marginalia on Hou Hanshu Held at Peking University Library

北京大學圖書館所藏明末毛氏汲古閣刻本《後漢書》上有三千七百餘條佚名過錄的何焯（1661—1722）批校，這些批校，主要由兩方面內容組成：一是何焯對於東漢一朝史事、人物的評論和對於《後漢書》文本的評點，二是何焯對於《後漢書》史文和注文的校勘。其中，前者反映了何焯對於宋明史學評點之學的繼承和發展，後者反映了何焯對清代考據學特別是版本校勘學的開創之功。從何焯身上可以看出明清學術轉型時期學風轉變的軌跡。

This paper is a case study of early Qing scholar He Zhuo's 何焯 (1661-1722) marginalia found within Hou Hanshu 後漢書. Zhuo was a well-known calligrapher, bibliophile, and textual scholar in the Kangxi period, and during his lifetime, he authored marginalia on hundreds of titles. In the edition of Hou Hanshu held at Peking University Library, 3,700 items have been transcribed by unknown transcriptionists, which mainly contain two kinds of content: (1) Zhuo's comments on historical events, figures, and the text of the Hou Hanshu and (2) collated notes on the text of Hou Hanshu. These marginalia ultimately reveal He Zhuo's accomplishments in the fields of history, historiography, textual criticism, and philology. He Zhuo was also one of the earliest scholars who systematically collated books as well as contributing significantly to the study of textual criticism and the editing of ancient texts, especially Hanshu 漢書, Hou Hanshu, and Sanguo zhi 三國志. However, his reputation was tarnished by fabricated political charges and his scholarly achievements have thus been undervalued. Through examining his scholarly practices and contributions, I hope to rescue him from obscurity within contemporary scholarship and reveal various hidden aspects of intellectual history.