從委諸天命到追究責任— 南唐舊臣入宋之後的歷史認知與書寫

From Destiny to Responsibility: A Former Official's Writing and Understanding of the History of the Southern Tang

鄭文寶（953—1013）是隨著南唐後主李煜（937—978）歸順宋朝的一位南唐舊臣。本文以他撰寫的兩部書為研究對象，透過比較二者的差異，論述鄭文寶晚年撰寫《江表志》時，不僅改訂其早年寫成的《南唐近事》，也積極回應關於南唐歷史的既有著作及觀點|而且，他的回應和改訂並非懷著舊臣或遺民心態而對故國故主曲予迴護，反而是改以較為批判的態度檢視其歷史過程和其間人物的種種作為。鄭文寶的改變，和其身分認同從南唐舊臣轉變為宋朝新臣的改易有關，但更重要的是，採取了不同的框架和概念來書寫南唐歷史，並改變了對許多人與事的評價。基於這些分析和討論，本文論述鄭文寶對南唐歷史的書寫與認知，經歷了從委諸天命到追究責任的重大變化。

Zheng Wenbao 鄭文寶 (953-1013), an official of the Southern Tang who accompanying his ruler Li Yu 李煜 (937-978) surrendered to the Song Dynasty in 975, wrote two books—Recent Matters of the Southern Tang 南唐 近事 in his early twenties and Records of the Southern Tang 江表志 in his late fifties. By comparing the differences in the narratives of these two works, this article argues that a ''survivor'' 遺民 of a defeated dynasty would not necessarily attempt to eulogize it, but could adopt a critical attitude toward its history, rulers and ministers as the writer's identity was being complicated by his experiences of the new regime. This article also discusses the conceptual framework and writing strategies which Zheng Wenbao developed in Records of the Southern Tang to revise Recent Matters of the Southern Tang and respond to other existing records and opinions about the Southern Tang. Supplanting his earlier idea that humans could do little as all was determined by destiny, he attributed the fall of the Southern Tang to human decisions and held its rulers and ministers accountable.