臺北市低收及中低收入戶就業與脫貧路徑探討

A Study of Employment and the Escaping Paths from Poverty of Low-income and Middle-low-income Households in Taipei

本研究運用2012年至2018年勞保資料勾稽臺北市政府低收及中低收入戶社政資料，發現就業但未脫貧的人數居多，可見弱勢族群在家庭、健康可行的情況下，多會投入就業市場，惟就業未必脫貧，反而陷入工作貧窮的處境，說明在社會與經濟結構轉型後，就業不必然能夠脫貧。從投入行業、薪資與工作個數比較，脫貧就業者明顯與未脫貧就業者不同，不過就業人數多寡仍具有影響脫貧的可能性。整體來看，年齡愈高、不動產愈多、輔導人口數愈多、薪資愈高，則工作可持續期間愈長，亦即就業愈穩定|而不具工作能力者、工作個數愈多、有接受就業服務者，就業持續期間愈短，就業愈不穩定。年齡愈高、非原住民、資產愈多、輔導人口數愈多或撫養比愈高，則脫貧的可能性愈高|而不具工作能力、接受就業服務脫貧的可能性愈低。因此建議未來社會福利制度的機制設計應以鼓勵3年內脫貧為主，特別是對於具福利身分初入職場的年輕個案，應加強政策誘因與力度，以助其脫貧。由於有意願就業者，轉介就服單位後有7成可成功就業，因此，經過仔細評估或確認就業意願再轉介，應可有效提高就業率，而參加「經濟弱勢市民重回勞動市場專案」者也以就業者占多數，因此輔導低收入中低收入戶就業仍有必要。

The finds of this study show that employment is not the route for escaping from the poverty by combining the official data of the Labour Insurance and low- and middle-low income Social Administration of the Taipei City Government. Marginal groups could not escape from poverty even they are working. By comparing industries, wage and the number of jobs, we also find that significant variations between poor people and people who can escape from poverty, and the number of wage earners is the main determinant. Overall, older people, more property assets, more people in case management, higher wage, the employment will be longer and more stable| vice versa. Older person, not aboriginals, more assets, higher ratio of working and non-working persons will lead to higher possibilities of escaping from poverty. Accordingly, we suggest that the design of social welfare policy should aim to encourage poor people to escape from poverty within the first three years of being social assistance beneficiaries, especially for those young adults. The will of being employed is main precondition of stable employment, therefore, a sophisticated case assessment is necessary. Moreover, most of beneficiaries of the Programme of Reentering the Labour Market of Economic vulnerable are the employed, and therefore, helping poor people to find jobs is still necessary.