活躍老化之概念分析──以高齡者之賦權為主體

A concept analysis of active aging: the subject of empowerment for the elderly

活躍老化為世界各國共同探索和追尋之目標與挑戰，有效建構高齡者的活躍老化已經是社會文化之歷程，並為高齡政策制定的重要基礎，所有以高齡者為核心，擴大至改善高齡者、家庭、社區和社會的活動都是活躍老化之元素。然而，活躍老化之概念不僅持續在發展，同時也具有多元特性，以多方面的視角詮釋活躍老化的概念，包含維持高齡者正常的日常生活活動功能及增加健康保障，以達到預期健康壽命的延續，並在此過程中達成獨立自主的態度發展生命歷程。因此，本文目的為運用Walker和Avant（2005）發展的概念分析步驟，針對活躍老化的概念發展與定義進行闡述，同時確認高齡者活躍老化之定義特徵包含健康壽命延續、賦權參與社會活動、工作意識及經濟安定、自立且安全的生活品質與擁有自信獲得尊重共五項，並列舉各項案例說明，最終提出國家層級概念活躍老化指標和個人層級活躍老化評估量表之實證測量工具的應用。期望借由多方面的視角來理解與詮釋活躍老化的概念，將有助於健康照護團隊人員能了解並應用此概念於高齡者的健康服務實務中，進而以高齡者之賦權為主體，達到貫徹「活躍老化」的整體目標之實踐作為。

Active aging has been a challenging goal that is being explored and pursued by countries all over the world. Effectively establishing active aging for the elderly is a social and cultural process that requires policy framework and planning. The elderly are at the core of the active aging strategy, although families, communities, and society are also essential components in its utilization. However, the adoption and practice of active aging have continuously developed in different ways and with different characteristics all over the world. Some of the traditional aspects in the active aging policy framework are daily activities for the elderly, health protection, and life expectancy. However, the modern senior population has ability to take active part in social and political processes, so the rights to independent development must also be considered. Therefore, this study used the analysis steps of Walker and Avant (2005) to describe the definitional features of an intermediate period, case report, the results and their causes, and measurement tools for active aging. The definitional features of active aging including healthy life extension, empowerment to participate in social activities, work consciousness and economic stability, self-confidence and safe quality of life, and have self-confidence and respect. Finally, the directions of the evidence-basic measurement tools of the national level active aging index and the individual level active aging assessment scale. A multidimensional perspective was used to explain the concept of active aging. The results could help health care team members to understand and apply the concept in health care practice for the elderly, and empowerment of the elderly could help to achieve the overall goal of ''active aging.''