卡片分類方法在研究面談的應用：一份研究紀要

Using Card Sorting in Face-to-Face Interviews: A Research Note

本文介紹將卡片分類法應用在研究面談中的研究方法。我們以一個研究專題來實際測試卡片分類法，此專題以對犯罪行為嚴重程度的看法為題對研究對象進行面談。受訪者被要求使用卡片分類法來呈現他們的看法，隨後，面對面的訪談便依據卡片分類後的結果來進行。研究結果顯示，卡片分類法能有效幫助受訪者討論他們抽象的觀念和看法，特別是當討論的主題是基於常識性的論點而沒有專業知識性的基底：一、此方法允許抽象的觀念被視覺化；二、藉由視覺化此方法有效紀錄了在訪談過程中的看法改變；三、卡片的使用幫助了受訪者有組織性地表達想法也因而能夠較有系統地提供有用資訊以利往後的資料分析；四、卡片的使用彌補了部分不善言詞表達的受訪者；五、卡片分類後的資料提供現成的資料分析架構，且此架構是由受訪者直接定義，並非研究者的武斷定；六、此方法強化了質性分析的一致性。最後，卡片分析提供研究者在面談中發問的指引，也因此避免受訪者回答問題時試圖去迎合發問者的預期心態。

This article introduces an interviewing method that incorporates the card sorting technique in qualitative interviews. The proposed method has been tested in the present study regarding public perceptions on crime seriousness. The interviewees were asked to perform card sorting to illustrate their perceptions, and face-to-face interviews ensued. It was found the card sorting technique can be very helpful especially when participants are to discuss abstract concepts or perceptions that are more commonsensical than knowledgeable. First, it allows for visualization of otherwise abstract perceptions. Second, it records any changes of perception during the interview when the perception could be fluid. Third, it helps participants organize their thoughts and thus they are more likely to assert useful information for analysis. Forth, it compensates for the participant's verbal limitation. Fifth, it provides a readily organized scheme, originating from the subject directly, for analysis. Sixth, it adds consistency to qualitative interpretation. Finally, it guides questions and therefore instead of saying the participant is responding to the interviewer, it is more like the interviewer responds to the participant's sorting results.