漢唐文本所見的李陵現象及其生命抉擇

Li Ling's Phenomenon and its Life Choice in the Related Texts from the Han to the Tang Dynasties

自漢至唐，涉及李陵的文學作品蓬勃發展。李陵的本事源自《史記》、《漢書》，至《漢書》更為李陵生命定錨，而後有六朝詩文，乃至唐代詩文與敦煌寫卷各類文本的書寫。李陵驍勇善戰，卻戰爭失利；待機報效朝廷，卻遭受誤解，致使至親受戮。究竟是應貪生求榮以降敵，寧死不屈以守節，或者屈辱苟活以報國？這幾乎是千百年來將官與戰士們共同面對的生命課題，因此李陵成為那些掙扎於生、死之際，徘徊於胡、漢之間的文臣武將們，抒發自我的人物典範或參照對象，形成廣泛的同情與批評，因而有李陵現象的產生。本文一一耙梳漢唐之間與李陵相關之歷時文本與共時文本，藉以瞭解這些不同時代、不同文類的文本對李陵的觀點或評價，並深入剖析李陵及相關文本作者們的生死抉擇與生命情懷。

'Li Ling's literary works flourished from the Han to the Tang Dynasties, Li Ling's stories originates from The Records of Grand History and Book of Han, which is anchoring his life, and expand to poems of the Six Dynasties, poems of the Tang Dynasty and the Dun-huang manuscripts. Li ling was a good warrior but he failed in the war, he waited for the opportunity to serve the imperial court, but his behavior was misunderstood and cause his families being slaughtered. From the perspective of Li Ling's life, whether to cherish his own life then surrender or fight to the death for the honor, or even preserved his own life disgracefully and then seeking chance to tribute to his country? This is almost a life task faced by generals and soldiers for thousands of years. Therefore, Li Ling has become a model or reference object for the literati and generals who are struggling to live or die, wandering between Hu and Han, expressing their own characters and forming a wide range of sympathy and criticism, thus Li Ling's came into being. The essay aim to sort out the diachronic and synchronic texts related to Li Ling between the Han and the Tang Dynasties, in order to understand the views or evaluations of Li Ling from these texts of different times and categories, and to analyze the life and death choices and feelings of Li Ling and the authors of relevant texts.