從因祭論清華簡〈程寤〉的祭祀

On the Sacrifice in ''Cheng-wu'' of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips From Motives

本文擬就吉夢的立場，從因事而祭探討清華簡〈程寤〉太姒吉夢、文王舉行諸祭、占夢之關聯與意義。文中首先說明文王因太姒之夢祭祀眾多鬼神、祭品、祭祀時間皆有別於常祀，呈現因祭蘊涵的動能。其次以古代占夢禮俗為背景，探討文王先祭後占，乃為正面強化占夢結果、降低負面干預，諸祭是綜合性的整體。透過占問的文字符號將天意具象化，亦有助於代商的傳播。由於文王之祭動機鮮明、次數頻繁，流露出內心的敬懼不安與代商意向，異於後世文王修德受命說，致使祭祀內容在流傳過程中受到簡化或省略。本文的討論或有助於深化清華簡〈程寤〉的認識、理解因祭蘊涵的創造性，及禮儀與政治的關係，為禮學研究提供參考。

This essay discussed the expression and function of sacrifices in ''Cheng-wu'' of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips from motives. In ''Cheng-wu'', after wife dreamed the omen of Zhou state substituting for Shang, King Wen offered sacrifices to gods and ancestors, and then he divined by interpreting dreams to make sure the divine will. It showed the sacrifices might occupy an important position between dream and divination. Therefore, this essay checked and explained each expression of sacrifices from motives. Second, it pointed out that King Wen hoped to enhance blessings and reduce disasters by sacrifices. Many sacrifices were held that revealed King Wen''s intention of assaulting Shang. Thus illustrated the changes of King Wen''s image, and described the different form of sacrifices from the Warring States to the later period, and investigated the attribute of sacrifices has changed. In all, this essay boosted the understanding of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips and might give ritual and political reference to scholars.