國民黨國家機器在臺灣的政治秩序起源：白色恐怖中對左翼勢力的整肅（1948－1954）

The Kuomintang State Apparatus and the Sources of Its Political Order in Taiwan: The Purging of Leftists during the White Terror (1948-1954)

中國國民黨在遷臺後，並非僅靠美國的外部庇護就得以生存，還需探究國民黨如何鎮壓臺灣共產黨地下組織的過程，才能回答國民黨何以能夠存續的問題。然而，過往關於國民黨國家建制與白色恐怖的研究，將國民黨專制權力的效能與綏靖的成果直接連結起來，而忽視理論上過度的國家鎮壓可能會失去統治正當性，反而激發更為廣泛的抵抗。為何國民黨國家機器在白色恐怖時期，能以國家暴力有效綏靖共黨地下組織（臺灣省工作委員會及相關組織），卻又不至於激發其他的反抗，成為本文所要研究的主題。本文嘗試透過官方文件與口述歷史，說明五○年代白色恐怖中國家與社會關係的轉變是國民黨國家機器綏靖成功的關鍵。1949年國民黨與共黨地下組織在臺灣相互對峙，觀望對峙的臺灣社會成為國民黨與共黨地下組織所要爭取的對象。然而，韓戰的爆發與美國介入臺灣海峽使觀望的臺灣轉向與國民黨合作，國家基礎權力因此得以發展，在國家與社會的合作下，國民黨國家機器無須過度鎮壓。相對的，反抗的共黨地下組織則不斷受到國家與社會的擠壓，因此無法長久隱蔽於臺灣社會而瓦解，國民黨在臺灣才得以鞏固其一黨專政的政治秩序。

The question of why and how the Kuomintang (KMT) could have survived and persisted after it relocated to Taiwan cannot be answered solely by highlighting the role of the United States during the Cold War era. Past studies on KMT state building and the White Terror linked the effectiveness of the KMT state despotic power to the successful outcome of the repression, discarding the theory that excessive state repression might also damage the political legitimacy of a regime and incite wider resistance. So in this article, I probe further by examining how the KMT state apparatus successfully repressed the underground Work Committee of Taiwan Province (WCTP), a sub-organization of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), without provoking opposition from other parts of the society. I used oral histories and official documents to show that the key to the KMT state apparatus's effective repression was the transformation of the state-society relations during 1950s: when the two political organizations, the KMT and the WCTP/CCP, were in a standoff in 1949, the Taiwanese society as an onlooker had the option to align itself with either of the two sides. However, the advent of the Korean War decisively tilted the balance in favor of the KMT. Taiwanese society could chose to cooperate with the KMT regime, knowing now that the CPP could no longer attack the KMT state due to the U.S. Navy's presence the Taiwan Strait. Taiwanese society's change of attitude accelerated the defeat of the WCTP/CCP in Taiwan, which could no longer hide in a society where assistance was nowhere to be found. Abetted by close state-society relations and absent of the need to resort to excessive repression, the KMT was able to solidify its infrastructural power and consolidate the one-party system in Taiwan.