世變下士子撰史的多元意蘊──試論屈大均《廣東新語》之化外深意

The Diverse Implications of Historiography in a Changing World: The Profound Meaning of Externalization in Qu Dajun's New Discourse of Guangdong

本題以明末清初屈大均（1630－1696）晚期著作《廣東新語》為核心研究文獻，探討此書在地域、物質及經世致用的實學意義外，還蘊含了精神式的「化外」深意。所謂「化外」，係指始於敘述者進行「內／外」區辨，終於「納外為內」之文化施教意圖。主由二大面向進行論述──「體例類目」以及「敘述特質與話語策略」。首先與三種舊本《通志》類目對照，掌握〈外志〉敘述觀點與地位變化，以呈顯《廣東新語》體例之「奇」與「新」；其次，異於博物誌、類書之白描，《廣東新語》多有「說話者」涉入，強調「自我存在感」與「身分認同」，間或紀虛不紀實，並善用遺民「隱語」，其旨趣之多元可能，亦於焉開展。文末引他作以建構互文式的化外論述，勾勒「南方偏霸」之文化認同，論者或由此得窺世變士子撰史之多元意蘊。

This article examines the significance of geography, materiality, and social economy in the evidential learning of Qu Dajun 屈大均 (1630-1696) and his New Discourse of Guangdong 廣東新語. It also interrogates the profound meaning of spiritual externalization advanced in the work. The term ''externalization'' refers to the cultural teaching that begins with the distinction between internal and external and ends with ''outsourcing internalization.'' In the text, two aspects play an important role: ''style and classification'' and ''narrative traits and discourse strategy.'' This study begins by comparing three old editions of the Guangdong tongzhi 廣東通志 in an effort to grasp changes in narrative views and the status of ''foreign records'' (waizhi 外志) in these works and reveal what is ''unique'' and ''new'' in the style of the New Discourse. Second, in contrast to natural history records and the traditional categories found in encyclopedias, the narrative in the New Discourse of Guangdong highlights the role of the ''speaker,'' and places more emphasis on the expression of self-existence and his sense of identity. Through my analysis of these two issues, I elucidate the diverse interests informing the composition of the New Discourse of Guangdong. The final objective of the article is to cite Qu's other works and construct a set of ''externalized'' discourses under the context of intertextual language. In addition, the article also outlines the cultural identity of the ''southern overlord'' (nanfang pianba 南 方偏霸) in the text, and sheds light on the diverse implications of historiography during periods of profound change.