劉卲《人物志》之經學淵源與創發

The Origin and Innovation of Confucian Classics in Liu Shao's Ren Wu Zhi

劉卲的《人物志》，向來被視為品鑑人材之書，其歸類則見仁見智，有名家、雜家、儒家等說法。細考其內容，雖雜見各家之說，然貫通全書的主脈，是大量仿寫儒家之經傳，及引用儒學的重要概念以建構其說，其他學派之文相較之下實為少數，故知其終以儒學為要。劉卲是一位人品淳厚、經學淵博之儒者，其政治理念亦是儒家以禮樂治國的思路。《人物志》描述的聖人，是儒家式的聖人，其撰著的目的，是欲以儒家之禮學平治天下；其才性理論，也以儒學為主而建構。過去的研究，罕有將《人物志》納入儒學發展的一環來討論，本文則試從經學史的角度，探討劉卲的為人與學行，並析解他如何透過經學思想，創造其才性理論，且發展出自成一格之儒學。

Liu Shao's Ren Wu Zhi has usually been considered a study of characterology, but so far the categorizations of this book are still hard to reach a convincing consensus. Even though Ren Wu Zhi interlaced few conceptions and statements from Logicians, Eclectics and Daoism, much more doctrines of Confucian classics and their commentaries were imitated, cited and carried through as a principle axis in this book, by reason of Liu Shao desired to shape his theory in Confucian framework and tradition. His ideas about politics, rites, saints, human aptitudes and characters were all patterned by and centered on Confucian way, which strongly echoed with his gentle personality and erudite cultivation of Confucian. His purpose of writing Ren Wu Zhi was to perfectly rule the country by means of 'Li' which stands for series of Confucian rites and convictions. Lots of previous research rarely regarded Ren Wu Zhi as a both traditional and innovative link in the history of Confucian development, but this article intends standing on the angle of history of Confucian classics, so as to investigate Liu Shao's behaviors and scholarship, especially to uncover how he set up his deliberate theory of characterology and advanced his unique Confucian thoughts with the help of Confucian classics.