自覺乎？附庸乎？－《典論．論文》的時代意義探究

Consciousness? Appendage? - Exploring Era Significance of 'Canon on Politics and Culture．Literary Criticism'

曹丕《典論．論文》在中國文學的發展中，一度被賦予了「文學自覺」的標記。然而在後起的研究中，也有學者認為不過是受儒學束縛的政治附庸而已。在學界兩極化的評價中，本文試圖以時代觀點切入探討，認為曹丕寫作此文的動機乃欲解決鄴下文人相輕的問題，藉此建立自己的文化名聲及鞏固自己的政治地位。並結合漢末人物識鑒風氣與先秦以降對「氣」的觀念，將文中所言天賦論與文氣說之成因與意涵逐一耙梳。此外還探討漢末時「文章」一詞的普遍觀念，理解曹丕所言文章乃經國大業不朽盛事之意。冀望從時代意義的探究中，能重新認識《典論．論文》的精神內涵，進而給予客觀的歷史評價與地位。

Cao Pi's 'Canon on Politics and Culture．Literary Criticism' was once labeled 'literary consciousness' in the development of Chinese literature. However, some scholars in the later studies believed that it was nothing more than an appendage to politics subject to the constraint of Confucianism. In the academic circles' two totally different appraisals, this paper attempts to explore the issue from the perspective of eras and believes that Cao Pi's motivation for writing this article aimed to solve the problem of the fact that scholars tended to scorn each other in Ye Xia, Henan Province, thereby establishing his own cultural reputation and consolidating his political status. Combining with the atmosphere of talents differentiation in the late Han Dynasty and the concept of 'Qi' from the pre-Qin era, this article sorted out the cause of formation and content of endowment theory and coherence of writing referred to herein. In addition, this article discussed the general concept of the term 'writing article' in the late Han Dynasty, grasping the significance of what Cao Pi indicated that articles were referring to the management of state affairs, hoping that through exploring the era significant, the hidden connotation of the 'Canon on Politics and Culture．Literary Criticism' is able to be re-comprehended, and further given objective historical evaluation and status.