從贊助視角審視胡適譯介易卜生

A Study of Hu Shih's Translations of Ibsen From the Perspective of Patronage

本文以《新青年》雜誌於1918年推出的易卜生專號所刊載胡適的〈易卜生主義〉一文與《娜拉》翻譯文本為中心，蒐集整理相關史料。不從譯本是否忠於原文文本，而把譯本置於所處的特定時空，發現胡適既是向報刊投書表達本人翻譯論的讀者，也是示範與宣傳用白話翻譯外國文學的譯者，更是為報刊雜誌回應讀者投書的答辯人，並且是批改翻譯文本的專業編輯，甚至是整體策劃翻譯社會問題劇劇本，引介新思想促進社會文化改良的翻譯贊助人。胡適在五四新文學運動時期，操控著用白話文翻譯的新思潮，推動中國文藝復興。雖然易卜生專號戲劇翻譯的成績差強人意，白話翻譯劇本還有努力的空間，但若從翻譯贊助的角度審視，便能看見胡適譯介易卜生的真正價值，不在翻譯文本是否已達到成熟的好翻譯，而在作為一名翻譯贊助人於特定時空，曾對翻譯文學所發揮的關鍵性影響力。

This paper focuses on Hu Shih's translations of Ibsen's plays which were published in the special Ibsen edition of New Youth in 1918. Hu Shih was not only a reader and translator, but also a patron of the literary arts who both publicized and manipulated the translation rules for foreign literature. He was also a professional editor who not only corrected the texts of translations, but also did most of the planning for the magazine New Youth, which introduced new ideas and promoted the further development of Chinese social culture. During the May 4th New Literature Movement, Hu Shih manipulated the use of baihuawen (vernacular Chinese) to translate the new trends of thought and promoted a Chinese Renaissance. Although Hu Shih's translations of Ibsen's dramas may have left room for improvement, we now see that the real value of these translations lies in Hu Shih's ability to manipulate the power of patronage in such a way as to influence Chinese literary translation in the early 20th century.